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CONICET Digital
Article . 2018
License: CC BY NC SA
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Emisiones de gases de efecto invernadero en la producción ganadera

Authors: Costantini, Alejandro Oscar; Pérez, M. Gabriela; Busto, Mercedes; González, Franco; Cosentino, Vanina Rosa Noemi; Romaniuk, Romina Ingrid; Taboada, Miguel Angel;

Emisiones de gases de efecto invernadero en la producción ganadera

Abstract

Uno de los impactos ambientales provocados por el sector agropecuario es la emisión de gases de efecto invernadero (GEI). Los principales GEI emitidos desde el sector agropecuario son el dióxido de carbono (CO2), el óxido nitroso (N2O) y el metano (CH4). Estos gases elevaron mucho su concentración en el siglo XX. El sector ganadero es un importante emisor de GEI. La mayor contribución de N2O se produce a partir de las excretas animales, principalmente las líquidas, mientras que el CH4, se produce principalmente por fermentación entérica, siendo esta última la emisión de mayor significación en sistemas pecuarios. La investigación de emisiones GEI del sector agropecuarios está en un estado incipiente en Argentina. En las últimas décadas se registró un aumento en la demanda de productos procedentes del sector ganadero a nivel mundial, lo que se explica en parte por cambios en los patrones de consumo de alimentos de algunos sectores sociales. El Inventario Nacional de GEI muestra que un 49% de estas emisiones provienen del sector agropecuario, y dentro de este sector el 58% de los GEI son generados a partir de las distintas fuentes derivadas del ganado bajo pastoreo. Las estrategias de mitigación no necesariamente implican emitir menos GEI desde el sistema productivo, sino que pueden ser resultantes de una mayor productividad y, por ende, una menor cantidad de gas emitida por unidad de carne producida. Se resalta la importancia de contar con factores de emisión propios, medidos en nuestras condiciones y ambientes de producción.

One of the environmental impacts caused by the agricultural sector is the emission of greenhouse gases (GHG). The main GHG emitted from the agricultural sector are carbon dioxide (CO2), nitrous oxide (N2O) and methane (CH4). These gases greatly increased their concentration in the 20th century. The livestock sector is an important GHG emitter. The greatest contribution of N2O is produced from animal excreta, mainly liquid excreta, while CH4 is mainly produced by enteric fermentation, the latter being the emission of greatest significance in livestock systems. The GHG emissions research of the agricultural sector is in an incipient state in Argentina. In recent decades there has been an increase in the demand for products from the livestock sector worldwide, which is partly explained by changes in the patterns of food consumption of some social sectors. The National GHG Inventory shows that 49% of these emissions come from the agricultural sector, and within this sector, 58% of GHG are generated from the different sources derived from livestock under grazing. Mitigation strategies do not necessarily imply emitting less GHG from the production system, but may be the result of higher productivity and, therefore, a lower amount of gas emitted per unit of meat produced. The importance of having our own emission factors, measured in our production conditions and environments, is highlighted.

Fil: Cosentino, Vanina Rosa Noemi. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Instituto de Suelos; Argentina. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Agronomía. Cátedra de Fertilidad y Fertilizantes; Argentina

Fil: Costantini, Alejandro Oscar. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Instituto de Suelos; Argentina. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Agronomía, Cátedra de Edafología; Argentina

Fil: Taboada, Miguel Angel. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Instuto de Suelos; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina

Fil: González, Franco Alexis. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Agronomía, Cátedra de Edafología; Argentina

Fil: Romaniuk, Romina Ingrid. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Instituto de Suelos; Argentina

Fil: Perez, Mónica Gabriela. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Agronomía, Cátedra de Edafología; Argentina

Fil: Busto, Mercedes. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Agronomía, Cátedra de Edafología; Argentina

Instituto de Suelos

Country
Argentina
Keywords

PASTOREO, DEYECCIONES ANIMALES, Fermentación, Enteric Fermentation, Ganadería, Gas Emissions, Greenhouse Gases, Emisiones de Gas, Farmyard Manure, Pastoreo, https://purl.org/becyt/ford/4.1, https://purl.org/becyt/ford/4, Animal Husbandry, FERMENTACIÓN ENTERICA, Animal Dejections, Grazing, Fermentation, Gases de Efecto Invernadero, Estiércol

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selected citations
These citations are derived from selected sources.
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
0
Average
Average
Average
Green