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Article . 2015
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COBERTURA EN EL SUDOESTE BONAERENSE EN SUELOS BAJO SIEMBRA DIRECTA

Authors: López, Fernando Manuel; Duval, Matias Ezequiel; Martinez, Juan Manuel; Galantini, Juan Alberto;

COBERTURA EN EL SUDOESTE BONAERENSE EN SUELOS BAJO SIEMBRA DIRECTA

Abstract

El manejo bajo siembra directa (SD) se asocia generalmente con altos niveles de residuos de cultivos sobre la superficie del suelo, lo que tiene efectos positivos sobre la fertilidad física y química, la biología del suelo y el control de la erosión. Sin embargo, la ausencia de cobertura puede tener un efecto más negativo en la calidad del suelo en el largo plazo que la labranza convencional. En el presente trabajo se determinó la presencia de residuos en superficie y la cobertura del suelo a la siembra de cultivos invernalesen los años 2011, 2012 y 2013. El área de estudio comprendió el sudoeste de la provincia de Buenos Aires (SOB), Argentina, donde se muestrearon más de 120 lotes bajo SD. Nuestros objetivos fueron: i) presentar una metodología sencilla para el muestreo de residuos en superficie; ii) determinar el estado actual de la cobertura del suelo por residuos en lotes bajo SD en el SOB; iii) establecer la relación entre cantidad de residuos en superficie y cobertura del suelo, para los cultivos predominantes del SOB. Más de la mitad de lotes bajo SD evaluados en la región subhúmeda-semiárida del sudoeste bonaerense presentaron una cobertura del suelo menor a la indicada por la bibliografía como adecuada para proteger el suelo contra la erosión. Aproximadamente la mitad de los lotes con cultivos invernales como antecesor tendrían una adecuada cobertura del suelo, mientras que en promedio, los cultivos estivales no logran el 30% de cobertura. En estos últimos sería de gran importancia la cobertura del suelo por vegetaciónespontánea. Los datos analizados demuestran la dificultad en la región para la producción de materia seca y su permanencia como cobertura del suelo, aún en manejos con agricultura continua bajo siembra directa.

No tillage (NT) is generally associated with high levels of crop residues on the soil surface, which has positive effects on physical and chemical fertility, soil biology and erosion control. However, the absence of soil cover under no-tillage may have a worse effect on soil quality in the long term than conventional tillage. In this study, we determined the presence of surface residues and soil cover in fields under winter crops in years 2011, 2012 and 2013. The study area included southwestern Buenos Aires province (SOB), Argentina, where over 120 fields under NT were sampled. Our objectives were to: i) establish a simple methodology for surface residues sampling; ii) determine the current status of surface residues and soil cover in cropped fields under NT in SOB; iii) establish the relationship between amount of surface residues and soil cover for the predominant crops of SOB. A large proportion of fields in the subhumid-semiarid region of SOB had lower soil cover than the required by the literature to be considered conservation agriculture, which would provide adequate protection against erosion. In the studied area, near half of the winter crops left adequate soil cover while, in average, summer crops did not leave the minimum of 30% soil cover. In these sites, the soil cover provided by spontaneous vegetation would increase this percentage. The analyzed data showed the difficulty in the region for the production of dry matter and its permanence the soil cover provided by spontaneous vegetation would be of great importance as soil cover, even in agricultural fields with continuous no-tillage.

Fil: Galantini, Juan Alberto. Provincia de Buenos Aires. Gobernación. Comisión de Investigaciones Científicas; Argentina. Universidad Nacional del Sur. Departamento de Agronomía; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Bahía Blanca. Centro de Recursos Naturales Renovables de la Zona Semiárida(i); Argentina

Fil: López, Fernando Manuel. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Bahía Blanca. Centro de Recursos Naturales Renovables de la Zona Semiárida(i); Argentina

Fil: Duval, Matias Ezequiel. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Bahía Blanca. Centro de Recursos Naturales Renovables de la Zona Semiárida(i); Argentina

Fil: Martinez, Juan Manuel. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Bahía Blanca. Centro de Recursos Naturales Renovables de la Zona Semiárida(i); Argentina

Country
Argentina
Keywords

RESIDUOS, Agricultura conservacionista, Agriculture (General), Plant culture, AGRICULTURA CONSERVACIONISTA, S1-972, SB1-1110, https://purl.org/becyt/ford/1.7, RASTROJO, Ciencias Agrícolas, Rastrojo, https://purl.org/becyt/ford/1, Residuos, rastrojo; residuos; agricultura conservacionista

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selected citations
These citations are derived from selected sources.
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
0
Average
Average
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