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Producción de biodiesel a partir de cultivos alternativos: experiencia con Jatropha curcas

Authors: Huerga, Ignacio Roberto;

Producción de biodiesel a partir de cultivos alternativos: experiencia con Jatropha curcas

Abstract

En la búsqueda de nuevos cultivos para producción de biodiesel, Jatropha Curcas surge como una alternativa a aquellos que se utilizan actualmente. Para evaluar su factibilidad del cultivo, se utilizaron muestras de semillas provenientes de la localidad de Yuto (Jujuy, Argentina), clasificadas en función del período de cosecha y estado de maduración del fruto. La extracción de aceite puede ser optimizado realizando descascarado, triturado y tratamiento térmico de las semillas. Algunos parámetros de calidad (acidez, índice de yodo) y la composición de ácidos grasos fueron variando en función de las muestras analizadas. El proceso de producción de biodiesel dependerá del contenido de ácidos grasos presente en el aceite. Se plantean dos posibles pretratamientos: esterificación y neutralización con fase glicerina. Para la transesterificación se utilizan metanol (como reactivo) y metóxido de sodio como catalizador. Las cáscaras de frutos y semillas pueden ser utilizadas en procesos de generación de energía (combustión, pirólisis). Las harinas, poseen compuestos tóxicos como los ésteres de forbol, lecitinas, saponinas e inhibidores de tripsina. Sin eliminar los mismos, no pueden ser utilizadas en fines alimentarios. Por tal motivo se propone un tratamiento en conjunto con la glicerina mediante proceso anaeróbico, generando biogás y efluentes líquidos ricos en nutrientes. En este trabajo de tesis se pudo comprobar la factibilidad de producir biodiesel en forma sustentable con semillas de Jatropha Curcas, obteniendo un producto que cumple con los estándares de calidad, favoreciendo el desarrollo de nuevas fuentes de trabajo que mejoren la calidad de vida de las poblaciones rurales.

In search of new crops for biodiesel production, Jatropha Curcas emerges as an alternative to those currently used. To assess feasibility of the crop, seed samples were used from Yuto (Jujuy, Argentina), classified according to the harvest period and fruit ripeness. Oil extraction can be optimized by shelling, grinding and heat treatment of the seeds. Quality parameters (acidity, iodine number) and fatty acid composition were varied depending on the samples. The biodiesel production process depends on the content of fatty acids present in oil. Two possible pretreatments are proposed: esterification and neutralization with glycerin phase. Methanol (as a reagent) and sodium methoxide (as a catalyst) are used for transesterification reaction. The shells of nuts and seeds can be used in power generation processes (combustion, pyrolysis). Meal have toxic compounds such as phorbol esters, lectins, saponins and trypsin inhibitors. Without removing them, can not be used for food. For this reason it is treatment by anaerobic process in conjunction with glycerin, generating biogas and nutrient-rich effluents. In this paper we could prove the feasibility of producing biodiesel in a sustainable way with seeds of Jatropha Curcas, getting a product that meets quality standards, promoting the development of new jobs that improve the quality of life in rural populations.

Fil: Huerga, Ignacio Roberto. Universidad Nacional del Litoral. Facultad de Ingeniería Química; Argentina.

Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas

Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria

Universidad Nacional del Litoral

Country
Argentina
Related Organizations
Keywords

Optimization Methods, Cultivos alternativos, Biocarburante, Métodos de Optimización, Processes, Biocombustibles, Cultivos Alternativos, Procesos, Biofuels, Jatropha curcas, Biodiesel, Alternative crops

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selected citations
These citations are derived from selected sources.
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
0
Average
Average
Average
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