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La variabilidad espacial en tierras hidrohalomórficas

Authors: Debelis, Silvina Patricia;

La variabilidad espacial en tierras hidrohalomórficas

Abstract

Es frecuente en la Pampa Deprimida, la presencia de suelos con alta variabilidad en sus características y propiedades, debidas fundamentalmente a los factores formadores y al uso. La alcalinidad, la salinidad y el hidromorfismo, entre otras, determinan la productividad y otras características del pastizal natural. En esta tesis se explora la variabilidad espacial de los suelos y su vinculación con los patrones de vegetación, en especial en los ambientes planos e hidromórficos de la Pampa Deprimida. Los objetivos consistieron en caracterizar la distribución espacial de la conductividad eléctrica (CE), pH, capacidad de intercambio catiónico (CIC) y los cationes de intercambio del horizonte A, mediante herramientas de la geoestadística y analizar la relación entre el patrón de variación espacial de las variables y la fisiografía de los ambientes a través de su vegetación. Los resultados mostraron que los semivariogramas poseen un carácter anisotrópico a excepción de K + , con una fuerte dependencia espacial, mayor en las variables pH, CE, Ca 2+ , K + , PSI (rangos mayores a 50 m) y menor en Mg 2+ , Na + y CIC (rangos menores a 50 m). Los modelos teóricos gaussiano y esférico presentaron el mejor ajuste, los valores bajos de nugget indican que el intervalo de muestreo es adecuado. La representación con kriging ordinario, en base a modelos geoestadísticos, permitió obtener un detallado gradiente de variación de las propiedades del suelo en el paisaje. Los mapas de las predicciones kriging de PSI, pH y CE muestran gran semejanza entre sí, y resultan inversos al Ca 2+ . Los cationes Mg 2+ y K + tienen un patrón de variabilidad más independiente del resto de las variables estudiadas. El análisis factorial de correspondencias múltiples, determinó cuatro agrupamientos, que manifiestan relaciones entre las especies del pastizal y los suelos, e indirectamente con su fisiografía. En conclusión, el gradiente florístico del pastizal, se asocia a la influencia local de las propiedades edáficas sumadas a los efectos de la macro y microtopografía, en la redistribución del agua en el paisaje.

It is common in the Floooding Pampa, the presence of soils with high variability in their characteristics, and properties, mainly due to action of forming factors and use. Alkalinity, salinity and hydromorphism, among other properties, determine the productivity and other characteristics of natural grassland. This thesis explores the spatial variability of soil and its relationship with vegetation patterns, especially in flat environments and hydromorphic of Flooding Pampa. The aims were to characterize the spatial distribution of electrical conductivity (EC), pH, cation exchange capacity (CEC) and exchangeable cations on the horizon A, using tools of geostatistics and analyze the relationship between the pattern of spatial variation of variables and physiography of environments through its vegetation. The results showed that the semivariograms have an anisotropic character except for K + , with a strong spatial dependence, higher in the variables pH, EC, Ca 2+ , K + , ESP (ranges greater than 50 m) and lowest in Mg 2+ , Na + and CEC (ranges less than 50 m). Theoretical gaussian and spherical models presented the best fit, low nugget values indicated that the sampling interval is appropriate to reflect the variations. Representation using ordinary kriging interpolator, based on geostatistical models, provided a detailed gradient of variation of soil properties in the landscape. Maps of the kriging predictions ESP, pH and EC show great resemblance to each other, and are inverse to Ca 2+ . Factorial analysis of multiple correspondences identified four clusters, which show relationships between species and grassland soils, and indirectly with its physiography. In conclusion, the floristic gradient grassland is associated with the local influence of soil properties combined with the effects of macro and micro-topography in the redistribution of water in the landscape.

Tesis (Magíster en Ciencias Agropecuarias) -- UNC- Facultad de Ciencias Agropecuarias, 2017

Country
Argentina
Keywords

Suelo hidromórfico, Alcalinidad, Salinidad del suelo, Argentina, Vegetación, Región Pampeana, Análisis estadístico

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selected citations
These citations are derived from selected sources.
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
0
Average
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