
handle: 11056/24902
En programas de mejoramiento genético es necesario contar con estimadores del valor económico de los rasgos que se desean seleccionar. El objetivo del presente estudio fue construir un modelo estocástico para el cálculo de valores económicos de rasgos productivos y funcionales en bovinos lecheros. El modelo utiliza distribuciones de probabilidad y funciones matemáticas para simular el ciclo productivo-reproductivo de un hato lechero. Los parámetros de salida del modelo se relacionaron con eficiencia biológica y económica, a nivel de vaca y hato, por año calendario. Los valores económicos se estimaron como coeficientes de regresión parcial en un análisis de regresión múltiple, con rasgos productivos y funcionales como variables predictoras y el margen bruto como variable dependiente. Los valores económicos (USD vaca-1 año-1) significativos (p<0.05) de magnitud positiva fueron: 39.3 (kg, producción de leche al pico), 2.8 (días, duración de lactancia), 105.9 (%, proteína en leche), 91.5 (%, grasa en leche), 33.4 (años, vida productiva), 0.07 (primer día de mastitis), 0.28 (%, desecho voluntario de reemplazos), 1.62 (%, rendimiento en canal). Los valores económicos significativos de magnitud negativa fueron: -3.31 (días abiertos), -8.21 (%, desecho involuntario de vacas), -1.75 (%, desecho involuntario de reemplazos), -6.69 (%, mortalidad de vacas) y -0.66 (%, mastitis clínica).
In genetic improvement programs it is necessary to have estimators of the economic value of the traits that are to be selected. The objective of the present study was to construct a stochastic model to calculate the economic values of productive and functional traits in dairy cattle. The model uses distributions of probability and mathematical functions to simulate the productive-reproductive cycle of a dairy herd. The output parameters of the model are related to biological and economic efficiency, at the cow and herd level, per calender year. The economic values were estimated as partial regression coefficients in an analysis of multiple regression, with productive and functional traits as prediction variables and the gross margin as dependent variable. The significant (p£0.05) economic values (USD cow-1 year-1 ) of positive magnitude were: 39.3 (kg, peak milk production), 2.8 (days, length of lactation), 105.9 %, milk protein), 91.5 (%, milk fat), 33.4 (years, productive life), 0.07 (first day of mastitis), 0.28 (%, voluntary culling rate in heifers), 1.62 (%, dressing percentage). The significant economic values of negative magnitude were: -3.31 (days open), -8.21 %, involuntary culling rate in cows), -1.75 (%, involuntary culling rate in heifers), -6.69 (%, cow mortality) and -0.66 (%, clinical mastitis).
Universidad Nacional, Costa Rica
Escuela de Medicina Veterinaria
MILK CATTLE, GANADO DE LECHE, GENETIC IMPROVEMENT, MEJORAMIENTO GENÉTICO, STOCHASTIC MODEL, ALGORITMOS, PRODUCCIÓN LECHERA, DAIRY PRODUCTION
MILK CATTLE, GANADO DE LECHE, GENETIC IMPROVEMENT, MEJORAMIENTO GENÉTICO, STOCHASTIC MODEL, ALGORITMOS, PRODUCCIÓN LECHERA, DAIRY PRODUCTION
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