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Diversidad genética en el ganado bovino en Costa Rica

Authors: Martínez Pichardo, Marco Antonio;

Diversidad genética en el ganado bovino en Costa Rica

Abstract

El objetivo de esta tesis fue cuantificar el grado de diversidad genética en el ganado bovino de Costa Rica. Inicialmente se realizó un análisis de la diversidad genética en la población total. Se colectaron 1498 muestras de ADN bovino provenientes de las distintas regiones ganaderas del país, las cuales fueron evaluadas mediante 18 marcadores microsatélites. Para cada microsatélite se calcularon las frecuencias alélicas, número total y medio de alelos (Na), número efectivo (Ne) de alelos, la heterocigosis observada (Ho), la heterocigosis esperada (He), el contenido de información polimorfica (CIP), el coeficiente de endogamia (FIS), y el equilibrio Hardy-Weinberg (HW). Se identificaron un total de 263 alelos. Todos los microsatélites utilizados resultaron polimórficos con un Na promedio de 15, variando entre un mínimo de 9 (ETH10 y BM1824) y un máximo de 24 alelos (TGLA122). La frecuencia alélica más alta se observó en el locus RM067, donde el alelo 90 presentó una frecuencia de 52,3%. El Ne promedio fue de 5,6, variando desde 3,1 en el locus RM067, hasta 8,8 para el locus CSSM66. La Ho promedio fue de 0,76, variando entre 0,63 para el locus RM067 y 0,85 para el locus CSSM66. La He promedio fue de 0,81, oscilando entre 0,68 para el locus RM067 y 0,89 para el locus CSSM66. El CIP promedio fue de 0,79, con rangos entre 0,65 (RM067) y 0,88 (CSSM66). El FIS promedio fue de 0,06 y osciló entre 0,02 para el locus MGTG4B y 0,10 para el locus ETH225. La desviación del equilibrio HW no fue significativa para los loci INRA23 (P=0,16), BM1824 (P=0,31) y MGTG4B (P=0,09); fue significativa (p0,05) en la mayoría de los loci para las subpoblaciones raciales. El subgrupo con mayor número de loci en desequilibrio HW (p<0,05) fue la Jersey (8 loci), mientras que los subgrupos Bos taurus×Bos indicus, Criolla para leche y Holstein×Jersey presentaron solo 1 locus en desequilibrio HW. Los índices de fijación FIS (0,02), FIT (0,05) y FST (0,03) indican tendencia hacia la homocigosidad. Se observó correspondencia entre los valores de diferenciación genética (RST) por pares de razas y las respectivas distancias genéticas de Nei. Se observó una mayor diferenciación entre grupos raciales de diferente subespecie (Bos taurus vs. Bos indicus). En el Análisis de Coordenadas Principales, las 2 primeras coordenadas explicaron el 29,6% y 9,7% de la varianza, respectivamente. Los dendrogramas confirman la formación de dos grupos principales, con las razas cebuinas y las taurinas, y grupos intermedios producto de cruces entre ambas. Los resultados del análisis indicaron que los microsatélites empleados permiten visualizar de manera eficiente la estructura genética de la población bovina de Costa Rica.

The aim of this thesis was to quantify the degree of genetic diversity in cattle of Costa Rica. Initially an analysis of the genetic diversity was performed on the total population. An amount of 1498 bovine DNA samples were collected from different regions within the country, and evaluated using 18 microsatellite markers. For each microsatellite, allele frequencies, average and total alleles (Na), effective (Ne) number of alleles, observed (Ho) and expected (He) heterozygosities, polymorphic information content (PIC), inbreeding coefficient (FIS) and the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium (HW) were evaluated. A total of 263 alleles were identified in the population. All microsatellites were polymorphic with an average of 15 Na, ranging from 9 (ETH10 and BM1824) to 24 alleles (TGLA122). The highest observed allele frequency was for allele 90 (RM067 locus) with a frequency of 52.3%. Average Ne was 5,6, ranging from 3,1 (locus RM067) to 8,8 (locus CSSM66). Average Ho was 0,76, ranging from 0,63 (RM067) to 0,85 (CSSM66). Average He was 0,81, ranging from 0,68 for locus RM067 and 0,89 for locus CSSM66. The CIP average was 0,79, ranging from 0,65 (RM067) and 0,88 (CSSM66). The average FIS was 0,06 and ranged from 0,02 for MGTG4B locus and 0,10 for locus ETH225. Deviation from HW equilibrium was not significant for loci INRA23 (P=0,16), BM1824 (P=0,31) and MGTG4B (P=0,09); was significant (p0,05) for the majority of loci within racial subpopulations. Subgroup with the highest number of loci in HW disequilibrium (P<0,05) was Jersey (8 loci), while subgroups Bos taurus×Bos indicus, Dairy Creole and Holstein×Jersey showed only 1 locus. Fixation indexes FIS (0,02), FIT (0,05) and FST (0,03) indicate a tendency towards homocigozity. An association was observed between genetic differentiation (RST) for pairs of breeds and respective Nei genetic distances. A greater differentiation was observed between racial groups of different subspecies (Bos taurus vs. Bos indicus). According to Principal Coordinates Analysis, first 2 coordinates explained 29,6% and 9,7% of the variance. Dendrograms confirmed the formation of two main groups, with taurine and zebu breeds as extremes, and crossbreeds in the middle. The result of the analysis indicated that microsatellites provided an efficient way to visualize the genetic structure of cattle population in Costa Rica.

Maestría en Producción Animal Sostenible

Escuela de Medicina Veterinaria

Country
Costa Rica
Related Organizations
Keywords

ANIMAL GENETICS, BREEDS (ANIMALS), DIVERSIDAD GENETICA, ADN, GANADO BOVINO, CATTLE, GENETIC DIVERSITY, COSTA RICA, RAZAS (ANIMALES), DNA, GENETICA ANIMAL

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selected citations
These citations are derived from selected sources.
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
0
Average
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