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Personalidade e sintomatologia depressiva na velhice

Um estudo na cidade da Covilhã
Authors: Fazendeiro, Isabel Alexandra Ramos Duarte Mineiro;

Personalidade e sintomatologia depressiva na velhice

Abstract

A depressão é um distúrbio muito frequente na velhice e os traços de personalidade encontram-se relacionados com a mesma. Para se compreender a depressão, não tanto do ponto de vista dos seus sintomas, mas do ponto de vista do seu funcionamento interno é incontornável tentar compreender como se articula com a personalidade. O principal objetivo do presente estudo consiste em avaliar a sintomatologia depressiva nos idosos e averiguar se existem diferenças significativas entre idosos com e sem sintomatologia depressiva em relação aos traços de personalidade de Neuroticismo, Abertura e Extroversão. Para tal, foi desenvolvido um estudo transversal. Foram utilizados os seguintes instrumentos: indicadores de Identificação Geral, Escala NEO FFI (Lima & Simões, 2000) e a Escala de Depressão Geriátrica (Pocinho, Farate, Lee £ Yesavage, 2009). Participaram no estudo, 226 indivíduos com idades compreendidas entre os 65 e os 96 anos, residentes nas quatro freguesias urbanas da cidade da Covilhã. Os resultados obtidos indicaram ausência de depressão em 158 indivíduos na amostra (74%). Constatou-se a existência de diferenças estatisticamente significativas ao nível do traço Neuroticismo nos três níveis de sintomatologia depressiva (F 2,205 = 97,610, p < 0,001), sendo o valor médio do traço Neuroticismo mais elevado para os que apresentam depressão moderada a grave (M= 34,63: DP=7,11) do que nos que apresentam depressão leve (M= 28,69: DP=6,99) e ausência de depressão (M= 16,73: DP=6,15). Verificaram-se, ainda, diferenças estatisticamente significativas ao nível do traço Extroversão nos três níveis de sintomatologia depressiva (F 2,209 = 33,035, p < 0,001), sendo o valor médio da Extroversão mais elevado para os que apresentam ausência de depressão (M= 31,77: DP=5,61) do que nos que apresentam depressão leve (M= 27,24: DP=6,37) e depressão moderada a grave (M= 20,75: DP=5,09). Os resultados indicam, ainda, diferenças estatisticamente significativas ao nível do traço Abertura à Experiencia nos três níveis de sintomatologia depressiva (F 2,205 = 3,707, p = 0,026), sendo o valor médio do traço Abertura à experiencia mais elevado para os que apresentam ausência de depressão (M= 25,33: DP=6,096) do que nos que apresentam depressão leve (M= 24,28: DP=6,065) e depressão moderada a grave (M= 21,13: DP=5,11). Neste sentido, os resultados sugerem que existem determinados traços de personalidade que podem tornar a pessoa mais vulnerável à sintomatologia depressiva na velhice.

Depression is a very common disorder in old age and personality traits are related to it. To understand depression, not so much from the point of view of their symptoms, but from the point of view of its inner workings is essential to try to understand how it works with the personality. The main objective of this study is to assess depressive symptoms in the elderly and analyze whether there are significant differences among oldpeople with and without depressive symptoms concerning personality traits of Neuroticism, Openness and Extraversion. In order to get these results, we developed a cross-sectional study. We used the following instruments: Identification General Indicators, Scale NEO FFI (Lima & Simões, 2000) and the Geriatric Depression Scale (Pocinho, Farate, Lee £ Yesavage, 2009). 226 people with ages between 65 and 96 years have participated in this survey They are all residents in the four urban municipalities of the city of Covilhã. The results have shown that there wasn´t any depression in 158 individuals in the sample (74%). It was found that there are statistically significant differences at the level of trait Neuroticism in the three levels of depressive symptoms (F = 2.205 97.610, p <0.001), and the average trait Neuroticism is higher for those with moderate to severe depression (M = 34.63: SD = 7.11) than for those with soft depression (M = 28.69: SD = 6.99) and absence of depression (M = 16.73: SD = 6.15). There were also significant differences at the level of the trace Extroversion in the three levels of depressive symptoms (F 2.209 = 33.035, p <0.001), and the average Extroversion is higher for those with no depression (M = 31 , 77: SD = 5.61) than for those with soft depression (M = 27.24: SD = 6.37) and moderate to severe depression (M = 20.75: SD = 5.09). The results also show statistically significant differences at the level of trait Openness to Experience in the three levels of depressive symptoms (F = 2.205 3.707, p = 0.026), and the mean value of the trait Openness to Experience is higher for those with no depression (M = 25.33: SD = 6.096) than for those with soft depression (M = 24.28: SD = 6.065) and moderate to severe depression (M = 21.13: SD = 5.11). This way, the results suggest that there are certain personality traits that can make a person more vulnerable to depressive symptoms in old age.

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Portugal
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Keywords

Velhice - Depressão - Factores de risco, Velhice - Personalidade, Envelhecimento, Velhice - Depressão

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selected citations
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This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
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