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Estudo Geral
Master thesis . 2012
Data sources: Estudo Geral
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Chimpanzee's (Pan troglodytes) social cognition and behaviour mediated by a touch panel task

Authors: Mendonça, Renata;

Chimpanzee's (Pan troglodytes) social cognition and behaviour mediated by a touch panel task

Abstract

O chimpanzé (Pan troglodytes) é o parente vivo mais próximo do Homem (juntamente com o bonobo - Pan paniscus). Características genéticas anatómicas, comportamentais e cognitivas fazem deste género um óptimo modelo parcimonioso para estudos cognitivos e comportamentais, elucidando-nos acerca da evolução do Homem. Os chimpanzés vivem em grupos sociais hierarquizados. A vida em grupos apresenta inúmeros desafios sociais. Tópicos relacionados como competição e comportamentos prosociais vão ser explorados: consequências da vida em grupo. O estudo 1 foca-se na observação do comportamento dos chimpanzés numa situação de contest competition, num ambiente controlado, que requer a realização de uma tarefa num monitor Touch screen para a obtenção de recompensa. O objectivo é perceber qual dos indivíduos monopoliza a tarefa e como os restantes indivíduos se comportam. O presente estudo revelou-se uma situação de competição entre machos. Os indivíduos dominantes não são os que exercem mais a tarefa. A fêmea dominante raramente se aproxima da área do booth e o macho dominante realiza tarefa por menos tempo comparado com o macho juvenil, Ayumu, filho da fêmea dominante. As fêmeas subordinadas aproveitaram a ausência de Ayumu para realizar a tarefa. As sessões em que o macho juvenil entrou no recinto da experiência coincidiram com as sessões em que se verifou uma maior taxa de comportamentos agonísticos. Os resultados sugerem que a dominância não é o principal factor a influenciar a monopolização da área e que o Ayumu é o principal responsável pelos comportamentos agonisticos. O estudo 2 foca o comportamento prosocial numa situação experimental mediada por computadores Touch panel em três díadas mãe-cria(juvenil). Os indivíduos foram dados a escolher entre três opções ―prosocial‖,―mean-spirited‖ e ―altruistic‖, em três condições distintas. Os chimpanzés escolheram, significativamente, nas três condições, a opção prosocial em relação às restantes opções e demonstraram entender as funções das opções entender ao objectivo. As crias demonstraram um comportamento mais altruísta que as respectivas mães, como estratégia para evitarem conflitos com as mesmas. Os resultados do presente estudo são confrontados com estudos anteriores.

Chimpanzee (Pan troglodytes) is the human closest living relative (as well as the bonobo - Pan paniscus). Genetic, anatomical, behavioural and cognitive traits make this genus a parsimonious role model for human evolution. Chimpanzees live in large and hierarchized groups. Life in groups holds many social challenges, Hereby we focus on two topics: competition and prosociality, as a consequence of life in groups. Study 1 aims to observe chimpanzees´ behaviour in contest competition situation in a controlled environment mediated by a touch-panel. The study focuses on understanding which individual is more likely to perform the task to obtain a reward and understanding other individuals‘ behaviour facing this contest competition scenario. The current study turned out to be a situation of male-male competition. The dominant individuals were not the ones that had performed for longer time. The dominant female rarely approach the booth area and the dominant male performed less than a juvenile male, Ayumu, son of the dominant female. Low ranking females took advantage and performed the task in the absence of Ayumu. The entrance of Ayumu in the enclosure where the experiment was ongoing increased the rate of agonistic behaviours. Results suggest that dominance is not the main factor accounting for the monopolization of the area, and Ayumu is the responsible for the increase of agonistic behaviours. Study 2 aimed to understand if chimpanzees are prosocial in an experimental situation mediated by a touch-panel and improve the old paradigms to test prosocial behaviour. 3 Mother-offspring dyads were requested to choose between, 3 choices across three different conditions: prosocial, mean-spirited and altruistic. Chimpanzees chose the prosocial option significantly above all the options in the three conditions and seemed to understand the function of the key prosocial and meanspirited key. In condition 3, when chimpanzees faced the dyadic choice of mean-spirited and altruistic continuously for 96 trials, altruistic choice was chosen more frequently by the juveniles compared to the mothers, as a strategy to avoid conflict with the mother. Results are discussed and compared to the previous studies.

Dissertação de Mestrado em Evolução e Biologia Humanas, apresentada ao Departamento de Ciências da Vida da Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia da Universidade de Coimbra.

Country
Portugal
Related Organizations
Keywords

Prosocialidade, Competição, Ecrã táctil, Cognição social em chimpanzés

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selected citations
These citations are derived from selected sources.
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
0
Average
Average
Average
Green