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Estudo Geral
Master thesis . 2025
Data sources: Estudo Geral
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A Arqueotanatologia e a sua utilidade na Antropologia Forense

Authors: Rocha, Margarida Maria Ribeiro;

A Arqueotanatologia e a sua utilidade na Antropologia Forense

Abstract

A Arqueotanatologia, enquanto abordagem metodológica originalmente desenvolvida no seio da Arqueologia Funerária, tem vindo a afirmar-se como uma ferramenta com elevado potencial na prática da Antropologia Forense. Esta dissertação tem como principal objetivo compreender se os princípios e métodos da Arqueotanatologia estão atualmente a ser aplicados em contextos forenses na Europa, e de que forma essa aplicação se concretiza em diferentes realidades institucionais e profissionais. Para tal, foi realizada uma revisão bibliográfica sobre os fundamentos teóricos da Arqueotanatologia, bem como sobre a sua evolução e possíveis contributos para a análise tafonómica e interpretação de contextos de deposição. Paralelamente, foi realizado e aplicado um questionário dirigido a Antropólogos/as Forenses de diversos países europeus, com o intuito de recolher dados sobre o conhecimento, utilização e perceção da Arqueotanatologia em contexto forense.Os resultados obtidos revelam uma crescente familiarização dos profissionais com os conceitos operativos da disciplina, embora evidenciem, simultaneamente, a existência de vários entraves à sua implementação sistemática, nomeadamente a ausência de formação académica específica, a falta de padronização nos procedimentos de campo e a carência de validação empírica que permita o seu uso como argumento técnico em contexto judicial. Ainda assim, a maioria dos inquiridos reconhece na Arqueotanatologia um contributo valioso, sobretudo no que respeita à reconstituição da posição anatómica dos esqueletos, à distinção entre deposições primárias e secundárias e à interpretação de manipulações pós-deposicionais.Conclui-se que, apesar de ainda não estar formalmente instituída como metodologia corrente no âmbito da Antropologia Forense, a Arqueotanatologia apresenta um enorme potencial enquanto instrumento complementar. A sua eficácia poderá ser essencialmente reforçada através do investimento em formação especializada, investigação científica aplicada e uma maior cooperação interdisciplinar entre Arqueólogos, Antropólogos Forenses e outros peritos da área das ciências forenses.

Archaeothanatology, originally developed as a methodological approach within the field of Funerary Archaeology, has been increasingly recognised as a tool of great potential in the practice of Forensic Anthropology. This dissertation aims to understand whether the principles and methods of Archaeothanatology are currently being applied in forensic contexts across Europe, and how this application manifests in different institutional and professional settings. To achieve this, a bibliographic review was conducted on the theoretical foundations of Archaeothanatology, its historical development, and its possible contributions to taphonomic analysis and the interpretation of depositional contexts. In parallel, a questionnaire was designed and distributed to Forensic Anthropologists from various European countries in order to gather data on their knowledge, use, and perception of Archaeothanatology in forensic practice.The results reveal a growing familiarity among professionals with the core concepts of the discipline, while simultaneously highlighting several obstacles to its systematic implementation, namely, the lack of specific academic training, the absence of standardised field procedures, and the current lack of empirical validation necessary for its use as technical evidence in judicial contexts. Nevertheless, most respondents acknowledge Archaeothanatology as a valuable contribution, particularly in the reconstruction of skeletal anatomical positioning, the distinction between primary and secondary burials, and the interpretation of post-depositional manipulations.It is concluded that, although not yet formally established as a standard methodology in Forensic Anthropology, Archaeothanatology holds significant potential as a complementary tool. Its effectiveness can be greatly enhanced through investment in specialised training, applied scientific research, and stronger interdisciplinary collaboration between Archaeologists, Forensic Anthropologists, and other experts in the forensic sciences.

Dissertação de Mestrado em Antropologia Forense apresentada à Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia

Country
Portugal
Related Organizations
Keywords

Forensic Taphonomy, Práticas funerárias, Forensic Archaeology, Forensic Anthropology, Arqueologia Forense, Tafonomia Forense, Funerary practices, Archaeothanatology, Arqueotanatologia, Antropologia Forense

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selected citations
These citations are derived from selected sources.
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
0
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