Summary R alstonia solanacearum is a soil‐borne bacterium causing the widespread disease known as bacterial wilt. R alstonia solanacearum is also the causal agent of M oko disease of banana and brown rot of potato. Since the last R . solanacearum pathogen profile was published 10 years ago, studies concerning this plant pathogen have taken a genomic and post‐genomic direction. This was pioneered by the first sequenced and annotated genome for a major plant bacterial pathogen and followed by many more genomes in subsequent years. All molecular features studied now have a genomic flavour. In the future, this will help in connecting the classical field of pathology and diversity studies with the gene content of specific strains. In this review, we summarize the recent research on this bacterial pathogen, including strain classification, host range, pathogenicity determinants, regulation of virulence genes, type III effector repertoire, effector‐triggered immunity, plant signalling in response to R . solanacearum , as well as a review of different new pathosystems. Taxonomy Bacteria; Proteobacteria; β subdivision; R alstonia group; genus R alstonia . Disease symptoms R alstonia solanacearum is the agent of bacterial wilt of plants, characterized by a sudden wilt of the whole plant. Typically, stem cross‐sections will ooze a slimy bacterial exudate. In the case of M oko disease of banana and brown rot of potato, there is also visible bacterial colonization of banana fruit and potato tuber. Disease control As a soil‐borne pathogen, infected fields can rarely be reused, even after rotation with nonhost plants. The disease is controlled by the use of resistant and tolerant plant cultivars. The prevention of spread of the disease has been achieved, in some instances, by the application of strict prophylactic sanitation practices. Useful websites Stock centre: I nternational C entre for M icrobial R esources— F rench C ollection for P lant‐associated B acteria CIRM ‐ CFBP , IRHS UMR 1345 INRA ‐ ACO ‐ UA , 42 rue G eorges M orel, 49070 B eaucouzé C edex, F rance, http://www.angers‐nantes.inra.fr/cfbp/ . R alstonia G enome browser: https://iant.toulouse.inra.fr/R.solanacearum . GMI1000 insertion mutant library: https://iant.toulouse.inra.fr/R.solanacearumGMI1000/GenomicResources . M a G e G enome B rowser: https://www.genoscope.cns.fr/agc/microscope/mage/viewer.php ?