SignificanceWe show how subjective information from qualitative crop rating surveys conducted weekly by the USDA can be transformed into a continuous crop condition index that integrates meteorological, agronomic, physiological, technological, and management factors. This index allows comparison of crop conditions between years and locations and provides superior information that enhances yield forecasting models. The proposed methodology can be used to develop better agricultural drought monitoring and early warning systems that can anticipate production anomalies and inform decision making.