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Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution
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Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution
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https://dx.doi.org/10.60692/bp...
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Allopatric diversification and evolutionary melting pot in a North African Palearctic relict: The biogeographic history of Salamandra algira

التنويع اللوباتري وبوتقة الانصهار التطوري في بقايا القطب الشمالي في شمال إفريقيا: التاريخ الجغرافي الحيوي لجزيرة سالاماندرا
Authors: Marco Dinis; Khaled Merabet; Fernando Martínez‐Freiría; Sebastian Steinfartz; Miguel Vences; James D. Burgon; Kathryn R. Elmer; +7 Authors

Allopatric diversification and evolutionary melting pot in a North African Palearctic relict: The biogeographic history of Salamandra algira

Abstract

L'Afrique du Nord est une région climatiquement et topographiquement complexe avec des assemblages biotiques uniques résultant de la combinaison de multiples domaines biogéographiques. Ici, nous évaluons le rôle du climat dans la promotion de la diversification intra-spécifique dans une relique paléarctique, la salamandre de feu d'Afrique du Nord, Salamandra algira, en utilisant une combinaison d'analyses phylogénétiques et génétiques des populations, de modélisation paléoclimatique et de tests de chevauchement de niche. Nous avons utilisé l'ADN mitochondrial (Cyt-b), 9838 loci ddRADseq et 14 loci microsatellites pour caractériser les modèles de diversité génétique et la structure des populations. Les analyses phylogénétiques récupèrent deux clades majeurs, chacun comprenant plusieurs lignées avec des discordances mito-nucléaires suggérant des schémas introgressifs entre les lignées du Moyen Atlas, associés à un creuset de diversité génétique. La modélisation paléoclimatique a identifié des refuges climatiques présumés, correspondant en grande partie à des zones de grande diversité génétique, et soutient le rôle de l'aridité dans la promotion de la diversification allopatrique associée au conservatisme de niche écologique. Dans l'ensemble, nos résultats soulignent le rôle des microrefuges climatiques en tant que moteurs de la persistance et de la diversification des populations face aux oscillations climatiques en Afrique du Nord, et soulignent l'importance de tenir compte des différentes régions génomiques lors de la reconstruction des processus biogéographiques à partir de marqueurs moléculaires.

El norte de África es una región climática y topográficamente compleja con conjuntos bióticos únicos resultantes de la combinación de múltiples reinos biogeográficos. Aquí, evaluamos el papel del clima en la promoción de la diversificación intraespecífica en una reliquia paleártica, la salamandra de fuego del norte de África, Salamandra algira, utilizando una combinación de análisis filogenéticos y genéticos poblacionales, modelos paleoclimáticos y pruebas de superposición de nichos. Utilizamos ADN mitocondrial (Cyt-b), 9838 loci ddRADseq y 14 loci de microsatélites para caracterizar patrones de diversidad genética y estructura de la población. Los análisis filogenéticos recuperan dos clados principales, cada uno de los cuales incluye varios linajes con discordancias mitonucleares que sugieren patrones introgresivos entre linajes en el Atlas Medio, asociados con un crisol de diversidad genética. La modelización paleoclimática identificó supuestos refugios climáticos, que coinciden en gran medida con áreas de alta diversidad genética, y respalda el papel de la aridez en la promoción de la diversificación alopátrica asociada con el conservadurismo de nicho ecológico. En general, nuestros resultados destacan el papel de los microrefugios climáticos como impulsores de la persistencia y diversificación de las poblaciones frente a las oscilaciones climáticas en el norte de África, y enfatizan la importancia de tener en cuenta las diferentes regiones genómicas al reconstruir los procesos biogeográficos a partir de marcadores moleculares.

North Africa is a climatically and topographically complex region with unique biotic assemblages resulting from the combination of multiple biogeographic realms. Here, we assess the role of climate in promoting intra-specific diversification in a Palearctic relict, the North African fire salamander, Salamandra algira, using a combination of phylogenetic and population genetic analyses, paleoclimatic modelling and niche overlap tests. We used mitochondrial DNA (Cyt-b), 9838 ddRADseq loci, and 14 microsatellite loci to characterize patterns of genetic diversity and population structure. Phylogenetic analyses recover two major clades, each including several lineages with mito-nuclear discordances suggesting introgressive patterns between lineages in the Middle Atlas, associated with a melting pot of genetic diversity. Paleoclimatic modelling identified putative climatic refugia, largely matching areas of high genetic diversity, and supports the role of aridity in promoting allopatric diversification associated with ecological niche conservatism. Overall, our results highlight the role of climatic microrefugia as drivers of populations' persistence and diversification in the face of climatic oscillations in North Africa, and stress the importance of accounting for different genomic regions when reconstructing biogeographic processes from molecular markers.

شمال أفريقيا هي منطقة معقدة مناخياً وطبوغرافياً مع تجمعات حيوية فريدة ناتجة عن مزيج من عوالم جغرافية حيوية متعددة. هنا، نقيم دور المناخ في تعزيز التنويع داخل المنطقة القطبية الشمالية، وسلمندر النار في شمال إفريقيا، وسلمندرا الجيرا، باستخدام مزيج من التحليلات الجينية الوراثية والسكانية، والنمذجة المناخية القديمة واختبارات التداخل المتخصصة. استخدمنا الحمض النووي للميتوكوندريا (Cyt - b)، و 9838 ddRADseq loci، و 14 موقعًا للأقمار الصناعية الدقيقة لوصف أنماط التنوع الجيني والبنية السكانية. تستعيد التحليلات الوراثية الوراثية نوعين رئيسيين، يتضمن كل منهما عدة سلالات مع خلافات نووية ميتو تشير إلى أنماط تدخلية بين السلالات في الأطلس الأوسط، مرتبطة ببوتقة انصهار للتنوع الجيني. حددت النمذجة المناخية القديمة الملاجئ المناخية المفترضة، التي تتطابق إلى حد كبير مع مناطق التنوع الجيني العالي، وتدعم دور الجفاف في تعزيز التنوع المتباين المرتبط بالمحافظة على البيئة. بشكل عام، تسلط نتائجنا الضوء على دور الملاجئ المناخية الدقيقة كمحركات لاستمرار السكان وتنوعهم في مواجهة التذبذبات المناخية في شمال إفريقيا، وتؤكد على أهمية حساب المناطق الجينية المختلفة عند إعادة بناء العمليات الجغرافية الحيوية من العلامات الجزيئية.

Keywords

Population, Ecological niche, Evolutionary biology, DNA, Mitochondrial, Models, Biological, Gene, Genetic diversity, Africa, Northern, Sociology, Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology, Biological dispersal, Niche, Genetics, Animals, Salamandra, Allopatric speciation, Biology, Ecosystem, Phylogeny, Demography, Global and Planetary Change, Species Distribution Modeling and Climate Change Impacts, Ecology, Ecological Modeling, Genetic Variation, Life Sciences, Species Distribution Modeling, Global Amphibian Declines and Extinctions, FOS: Sociology, Phylogeography, Habitat, Genetics, Population, FOS: Biological sciences, Environmental Science, Physical Sciences, Population Genetic Structure and Dynamics, Microsatellite Repeats, Phylogenetic tree

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selected citations
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This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
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popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
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