Scheduled commercial transport volume is continuously growing, representing the global megatrend "Mobility". The subsequently higher number of aircrafts requires new and low energy concepts to achieve the European goals for sustainable aviation. Distributed (Electric) Propulsion (DP/DEP) is such new technology which opens up the design space and promises significant increase in overall aircraft efficiency while reducing emissions. A sound and reliable prediction of the aerodynamic effects of DP/DEP and close wing coupling at high-lift based on aerodynamic models and simulation is not yet available. The overall objective of CICLOP is to close this gap by providing high fidelity experimental data that allow for a leap in aircraft performance due to efficient synergetic use of DP and wing interaction. The most dominant design parameters, driving the sensitivity of positive as well as adverse aerodynamic effects will be identified and quantified. The results will thus significantly increase the conceptual and pre-design know-how for DEP/DP driven aircraft and allow for off-design performance prediction and sensitivity identification. Therefore, the CICLOP project members will: • Build and test a versatile wind tunnel model coupling three propeller sizes of different thrust to a wing of 0.8m chord including a high-lift flap, droop-nose a deflectable spoiler. • Identify aerodynamic interactions mechanism up to flow separations by the means of local static pressure measurement combined with oil flow visualization, hot-film techniques and PSP. • Assess the design parameters for propeller design and propeller to wing coupling. • Strengthen the competitiveness of the EU industry and supply in the field of new technologies for regional aircraft, following REG IADP activities for preliminary studies on hybrid/electrical regional aircraft configurations. The CICLOP total grant request is 847.688€ and will be conducted within 28 months.

Many Earth system processes involving multi-physics, multi-phase conditions extend over several orders of magnitude in length- and time-scales. Engineering science, in pursuit of deeper process understanding and solution-oriented design, has used scaling theories to address scale-afflicted, complex processes through experimental work in laboratory environment at reduced scale. The standard scaling approach, the Buckingham π-theorem, is especially deficient when multi-physics and multi-phase processes require the choice of more than a single non-dimensional number, resulting in severe scale effects and typically meaning that accuracies at reduced scale are inadequately quantified. Hence, we choose a demonstrably complex multi-physics, multi-phase process for the investigation of scaling accuracies – the progressive collapsing of residential buildings and the associate debris transport, evolving from extreme flow events from natural hazards, such as flash floods or tsunami. ANGRYWATERS seeks to achieve a breakthrough in modelling these complex processes by deriving novel scaling laws that will be developed in the framework of the Lie group of point scaling transformations. Scaling requirements will be applied to the combined fluid-structure interaction at various scales, developing sophisticated building specimens; here, we employ 3D-printing and appropriately engineered materials to match the scaling requirements. We conduct a comprehensive experimental campaign, using medium- and large-scale facilities, subjecting the specimens to extreme flow conditions in the form of dam-break waves. We consider sub-assemblages, single and multiple buildings, enhancing the understanding of energy losses and debris production upon collapse, elaborating reduced scale accuracies. High-fidelity numerical modelling will complement our experiments, deepening our process understanding; a depth-averaged model with novel debris advection model crucially enhances predictive capabilities.