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Doctoral thesis
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Control epigenético de la infección viral en plantas

Authors: Diezma-Navas, Laura;

Control epigenético de la infección viral en plantas

Abstract

[ES]La metilación del ADN desempeña una función crucial en la regulación de la expresión génica en respuesta a estímulos ambientales. La ruta de metilación del ADN mediada por ARN (RdDM, del inglés RNA-directed DNA methylation) previene la transcripción y el movimiento de transposones (TEs, del inglés transposable elements) así como regula la respuesta de defensa y la transmisión de caracteres asociados a la resistencia de la planta. En esta tesis doctoral estudiamos el papel del silenciamiento epigenético, mediado por la metilación del ADN en plantas de Arabidopsis tras la infección del virus del cascabeleo del tabaco (TRV, Tobacco rattle virus). Nuestros resultados revelan que la infección de TRV altera el patrón de expresión génica de algunos componentes conservados en la vía de metilación del ADN que coinciden con cambios puntuales en el perfil de metilación de la planta, principalmente en los contextos de metilación CG y CHG, constituyendo regiones diferencialmente metiladas (DMRs, del inglés differentially methylated regions). TRV corregula la expresión de genes de defensa y y de los TEs localizados en sus regiones promotoras tanto en plantas silvestres Col-0 como en los mutantes ddc, ago4 y ros1 defectivos en la metilación del ADN. Además, la susceptibilidad/resistencia a la infección de TRV está alterada en mutantes deficientes en la metilación del ADN, sugiriendo un papel relevante de la metilación/desmetilación del ADN en la regulación de la proliferación viral. En nuestro trabajo demostramos que TRV se transmite verticalmente a la descendencia en plantas de Arabidopsis infectadas. Esta capacidad, se encuentra alterada en los mutantes defectivos en metilación analizados, indicando que el perfil de metilación del ADN modula la transmisión viral. La metilación en contexto CHG parece ser crucial en este proceso. Además, el estudio de la herencia epigenética en generaciones seriadas de Arabidopsis Col-0 y mutantes ago infectadas con TRV mostró una coevolución entre el hospedador y la población viral que permitió alcanzar un equilibrio en el que la eficiencia biológica de ambos no estaba comprometida.

[EN]DNA methylation is a conserved epigenetic modification that is important for gene regulation and genome stability, and it is triggered in response to environmental stimuli. DNA methylation is involved in regulating transposon silencing, gene expression and chromosome interactions. In addition, DNA methylation has important roles in plant responses to biotic and abiotic stress conditions and in plant development. The main objective of this thesis is to study the role of DNA methylation in Arabidopsis plants infected with Tobacco rattle virus (TRV). Our results reveal that the TRV infection causes significant changes in the expression of key components of the DNA methylation machinery, which are accompanied by local changes in genome methylation, mainly in the CG and CHG methylation contexts, which makes that some parts of the DNA turn into differentially methylated regions (DMRs). TRV corregulates the expression of plant defence genes and TEs located in the promotor regions in both, wild type plants (Col-0) and defective DNA methylation mutants ddc, ago4 and ros1. The susceptibility/resistance to the TRV infection is altered in DNA methylation mutants, suggesting a significant role of the DNA methylation/demethylation in the regulation of the viral proliferation. This study also shows that TRV is vertically transmitted in Arabidopsis plants. However, this mechanism is altered in mutants deficient in DNA methylation, suggesting that viral transmission is modulated by changes in DNA methylation, particularly at CHG context. Additionally, serial passages of TRV performed in Col-0 and ago mutant Arabidopsis plants show a coevolution between the host and TRV populations reaching a final equilibrium in which the biological efficiency is not compromised.

Proyectos BIO2012-39973 y BIO2015-70752-R del Plan Nacional de Investigación de la Secretaría de Estado de Investigación, Desarrollo e Innovación del Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad.

338 p.-69 fig.-41 p.-3 anexos.

Peer reviewed

Country
Spain
Keywords

Metilación del DNA, Interacción plant-virus, Biología, Arabidopsis, Regulación epigenética, Virus de plantas

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This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
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popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
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influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
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impulse
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