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The Auk
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DIGITAL.CSIC
Article . 2019 . Peer-reviewed
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The Auk
Article . 2016 . Peer-reviewed
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Dietary divergence in the most sexually size-dimorphic bird

Authors: Bravo, Carolina; Ponce, Carlos; Bautista-Sopelana, Luis M.; Alonso López, Juan C.;

Dietary divergence in the most sexually size-dimorphic bird

Abstract

[ES]: En las especies con dimorfismo sexual de tamaño, las limitaciones fisiológicas derivadas de las diferencias en el tamaño corporal pueden determinar diferentes requerimientos alimentarios y por ende una divergencia del nicho trófico entre los machos y las hembras. Estas relaciones entre el dimorfismo sexual de tamaño corporal (DST) y el solapamiento de la dieta no están bien entendidas en las aves. Analizamos las diferencias sexuales en la composición de la dieta, la diversidad de la dieta, la selección de la dieta, y el volumen y la densidad de las heces, así como el solapamiento de la dieta entre sexos en Otis tarda, la especie con mayor DST entre las aves. Las diferencias encontradas fueron analizadas con relación a varias predicciones derivadas de las diferencias ecológicas y fisiológicas entre los sexos, bajo la hipótesis de que estas diferencias están determinadas en última instancia por el fuerte DST en esta especie. Como esperábamos, nuestros mejores modelos lineales de efectos mixtos de selección de alimentos incluyeron al sexo como el factor principal que explica las diferencias en la composición y en la diversidad de la dieta en O. tarda a lo largo del ciclo anual. Ambos sexos fueron principalmente herbívoros, consumiendo legumbres cuando estaban disponibles. Los machos consumieron menos artrópodos pero de tamaño significativamente más grande que las hembras. Las heces de los machos fueron de mayor tamaño y más pesadas, y levemente más densas que las de las hembras. Los machos mostraron una mayor diversidad en la dieta que las hembras, excepto durante la estación post reproductiva. El solapamiento promedio de la dieta entre los sexos fue 0.7, uno de los valores más pequeños entre las aves. En conjunto, nuestros resultados sugieren que el enorme DST en esta especie, junto con el rol reproductivo distintivo de cada sexo, podrían explicar la divergencia del nicho trófico en O. tarda.

[EN]: In sexually size-dimorphic species, physiological constraints derived from differences in body size may determine different food requirements and thus a trophic niche divergence between males and females. These relationships between sexual size dimorphism (SSD) and dietary overlap are not well understood in birds. We analyzed differences between the sexes in diet composition, dietary diversity, diet selection, and volume and density of droppings, as well as the dietary overlap between sexes, in the Great Bustard (Otis tarda), the species showing the highest SSD among birds. We discuss the differences that we found in relation to various predictions derived from ecological and physiological differences between the sexes, under the hypothesis that these differences are ultimately determined by the strong SSD of this species. As expected, our best linear mixed-effects food selection models included sex as a main factor explaining differences in diet composition and dietary diversity of Great Bustards throughout the annual cycle. Both sexes were mostly herbivorous, consuming legumes when they were available. Males consumed fewer arthropods, but of significantly larger size, than females. The droppings of males were larger, heavier, and slightly denser than those of females. Males showed higher dietary diversity than females, except during the postmating season. The mean dietary overlap between the sexes was 0.7, one of the smallest values among birds. Overall, our results suggest that the species' extreme SSD along with the distinct reproductive role of each sex might explain the trophic niche divergence in the Great Bustard.

This study was financially supported by the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation and the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness through projects CGL2005-04893, CGL2008-02567, and CGL2012- 36345. N

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Spain
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Keywords

Comportamiento trófico, Ecología de forrajeo, Body size, Partición del recurso segregacion sexual, solapamiento de la dieta, tama ´ no corpor, Herbivoría, Trophic behavior, Herbivory, Agro-steppe, Sexual segregation, Resource partitioning, Dietary overlap, Agro-estepa, Foraging ecology

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selected citations
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This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
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