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Feeding ecology and habitat of Late Pleistocene Equus horses from west-central Mexico using carbon and oxygen isotopes variation

Authors: Alejandro H. Marín-Leyva; Joaquín Arroyo-Cabrales; María Luisa García-Zepeda; Javier Ponce-Saavedra; Peter Schaaf; Víctor Adrían Pérez-Crespo; Pedro Morales-Puente; +2 Authors

Feeding ecology and habitat of Late Pleistocene Equus horses from west-central Mexico using carbon and oxygen isotopes variation

Abstract

[ES] A partir de datos de isótopos estables de carbono y oxígeno se analizan la dieta γ el hábitat de tres especies de caballos del Pleistoceno tardío (Equus mexicanus, E. conversidens y E. cedralensis) en dos localidades del centro occidente de México. El objetivo fue encontrar la capacidad de adaptación a la dieta y la partición de los recursos, lo que reflejaría las condiciones ambientales de las localidades que utilizaban para alimentarse, y apoyaría la ecología predicha por la morfología y ecomorfología. Los resultados muestran la presencia de dos tipos de alimentación en La Cinta-Portalitos, uno conformado por E. mexicanus con una dieta compuesta por plantas C3/C4y otro por E. conversidens y E. cedralensis con un alto consumo de plantas C4, indicando partición de recursos y un ambiente más diverso, mientras que para La Piedad-Santa Ana sólo se identificó un grupo alimentario conformado por las tres especies, con una dieta principalmente compuesta por plantas C4 lo que demostraría la no partición de recursos o la abundancia de uno. E. mexicanus exhibe la mayor variación alimentaria, seguido por E. cedralensis y E. conversidens, lo cual evidencia que algunos caballos pasado tenían una dieta más diversa relacionada con un comportamiento más ecléctico y que variaba con las condiciones ambientales en las que vivían. Se encontró que las predicciones ecológicas (hábitat) con base en características ecomorfológicas se cumplían en algunas poblaciones, sin embargo en otras no, por lo que la relación entre la masa corporal, las proporciones de las extremidades y la dieta es compleja y serían necesarios más estudios para su mejor entendimiento. Finalmente, los resultados sugieren un hábitat altamente heterogéneo con una mezcla de plantas C3y C4 para La Cinta-Portalitos, y un escenario más abierto con una diversidad de plantas C4 más alta y con la presencia de vegetación leñosa de plantas C3 en La Piedad-Santa Ana

[EN] Using carbon and oxygen stable isotopes we analyzed the diet and habitat of three Late Pleistocene horses (Equus mexicanus, E. conversidens, and E. cedralensis) from two localities in west-central Mexico. Our objective was to evaluate dietary adaptability and resource partitioning, which would reflect the environmental conditions of the localities on which horses fed, and would support the ecological scenario predicted from morphology and ecomorphology. Our preliminary results show the presence of two feeding styles in La Cinta-Portalitos, indicating some resource partition and a more diverse environment: one of E. mexicanus with a diet composed by C/C plants, and another one of E. conversidens and E. cedralensis with high consumption of C plants. Contrastingly, in La Piedad-Santa Ana only one feeding group was present, in which the three horse species fed mainly on C plants, thus possibly demonstrating the absence of resource partitioning and the abundance of a single food plant resource for horses. The major dietary variation we recorded was in E. mexicanus, followed by that in E. cedralensis and E. conversidens, which evidences that in the past, horses exhibited a more diverse diet related both to an eclectic behavior and to the varied environmental conditions in which they lived. We also found that the ecological predictions (habitat) based on ecomorphological characteristics were supported for some populations, but not for others; this indicates a complex relation between body mass, limb proportions and diet, more research being needed for better understanding of this relation. Finally, our results suggest a highly heterogeneous habitat with a mixture of C and C plants in La Cinta-Portalitos, and a more open scenario with a higher diversity of C plants and presence of woody vegetation of C plants in La Piedad-Santa Ana.

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Spain
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Keywords

Rancholabreano, QE1-996.5, QC801-809, Geophysics. Cosmic physics, Δ13с, δ 18 O, stable isotopes, Geology, Caballos mexicanos, Mexican horses, Δ18o, δ13C, Ciencias de la Tierra, δ 13 C, Isótopos estables, Rancholabrean, Resource partitioning, δ18O, resource partitioning, Stable isotopes, Partición de recursos

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selected citations
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This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
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popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
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