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La fertilización mineral en prados de montaña de León con diferentes sistemas de explotación forrajera

Authors: García, R.; Rodríguez, M.; Calleja, Alfredo;

La fertilización mineral en prados de montaña de León con diferentes sistemas de explotación forrajera

Abstract

[EN] Results are from a 30-year fertilization experiment in a mountain meadow (León). Nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilisers (four doses each) were applied in a factorial 43 design. The fertilizers were spread in a single yearly application, except the N fertiliser that was fractionated in two applications during the last 10 years. The first 10 years the meadow was cut twice yearly, and thereafter three harvests of herbage were obtained every year. Annual herbage yield was affected by phosphorus, nitrogen affected the first cut herbage yield, and potassium influenced the production in the regrowth. Legumes annual production was reduced with the nitrogen fertiliser, and the legume biomass in the regrowth was affected when the fertiliser was fractionated. Phosphorus and potassium tended to increase legume production in the regrowth. With two cuts per year and applying 25 units N + 35 units P, herbage dry matter yield was 9500 kg ha-1 yr-1 (1100 kg legume DM). With three cuts per year a similar yield of herbage was obtained and the legumes yield was increased (1500 kg DM), applying 35 units P + 25 units K (with no N fertilizer). Fractionation of nitrogen showed a negligible effect on herbage yield and quality.

[ES] Se presentan los resultados de una experiencia de fertilización de 30 años de duración en prados de la Montaña de León. Se aplicaron nitrógeno, fósforo y potasio (cuatro dosis) de acuerdo a un diseño factorial 43. Los 10 primeros años el sistema de aprovechamiento fue de dos siegas anuales, la decena siguiente de tres siegas y la última decena de tres siegas pero fraccionando el nitrógeno. La producción anual de forraje en todos los sistemas depende fundamentalmente del fósforo; el nitrógeno es clave en la primera siega y el potasio es más efectivo en los rebrotes. La producción anual de leguminosas depende del nitrógeno (efecto negativo) y afecta al segundo corte cuando se fracciona; el fósforo y el potasio tienen un efecto positivo (en el segundo corte y en el tercero respectivamente). En un sistema de dos cortes anuales es posible producir 9 500 kg MS ha-1 de forraje con 25 unidades de nitrógeno y 35 de fósforo y obtener 1 100 kg de leguminosas; con tres cortes anuales se puede alcanzar la misma producción y 1 500 kg de leguminosas, sin nitrógeno y con 35 unidades de fósforo y 25 de potasio. El fraccionamiento del nitrógeno es menos efectivo frente a los objetivos de cantidad y calidad de forraje.

Este trabajo se realizó con la financiación de la Junta de Castilla y León dentro del programa de ayudas a la actividad investigadora al grupo de excelencia GR158.

8 páginas, 3 tablas.-- Comunicación presentada a la 53ª Reunión Científica de la Sociedad Española para el Estudio de los Pastos (SEEP). "Pastos y PAC 2014-2020".

Peer reviewed

Keywords

Ecuaciones de regresión, Cutting frequency, Regression equations, Forraje, Forage, Meadow, Leguminosas, Production, Legumes, Producción, Manejo

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This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
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