This paper maintains that Indigenous rights to access to justice relate to three big clusters of rights: a) non-discrimination; b) cultural rights; and c) self-determination. The paper argues that any attempt to view the issue of access to justice in relation only to one of these rights undermines their basis and thus, undermines them. The nondiscrimination aspect ensures that Indigenous Peoples should be treated equally to non-Indigenous people in their access to justice; the Indigenous right to culture underlines the need for some deviation from the national practices in judicial matters and processes; while the principle of self-determination is the foundation for the establishment of separate judicial institutions for Indigenous Peoples that will be designed and implemented with their active participation.