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Nordlyd: Tromsø University Working Papers on Language & Linguistics
Article . 2024 . Peer-reviewed
License: CC BY NC
Data sources: Crossref
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Septentrio Academic Publishing
Article . 2024
License: CC BY NC
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Final-over-Final Condition

Not a syntactic universal
Authors: Waltraud Paul;

Final-over-Final Condition

Abstract

The Final-over-Final Condition (FOFC) (Sheehan, Biberauer, Roberts, and Holmberg 2017) purports to be a universal word order constraint. In this article, we challenge this claim and demonstrate that the FOFC is of a statistical nature: It is a relativized¸ non-absolute version of cross-categorial harmony, where only a head-final projection dominating a head-initial projection is ruled out among the disharmonic configurations displaying different head directionalities. The cross-categorial generalizations in the World Atlas of Languages, referred to by Sheehan et al. (2017) in order to illustrate the crosslinguistic validity of the FOFC, are shown to be useless for determining head-directionality, given that they systematically gloss over functional categories. The Mandarin Chinese head-final split CP dominating a uniformly head-initial extended verbal projection and TP serves as a case study here, because it has challenged the FOFC since its very beginning. The numerous efforts to make the Chinese CP “FOFC-compliant”, the latest being Biberauer (2017), are shown to be unsuccessful and to ignore well-established principles of Chinese syntax. The data from Chinese thus add to the evidence from other languages likewise undermining the FOFC.

Keywords

Chinese, question particle, Final-over-Final, [SHS] Humanities and Social Sciences, Final-over-Final Condition, FOFC, cross-categorial harmony, typology, Mandarin Chinese, sentence-final particles, split CP, FOFC, word order

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selected citations
These citations are derived from selected sources.
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
0
Average
Average
Average
Green
Published in a Diamond OA journal