This article’s aim is to put under examination the Relevance Theory (presented by Dan Sperber and Deirdre Wilson in Relevance: communication and cognition) by the means of a comparison between this theory and Paul Grice’s inferential approach of communication. We believe that certain central claims of the Relevance Theory (for example, the statement of explicatures) could only be established on the theoretical basis built in works such “Meaning” and “Logic and conversation”. To highlight the similarities and differences between these models and to analyze their consequences for a cognitivist grounded theory of communication will be the task of this article.