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Urinary Iodine: Biomarker for Population Iodine Nutrition

اليود البولي: مؤشر حيوي لتغذية اليود السكاني
Authors: Husniza Hussain; Rusidah Selamat; Lim Kuang Kuay; Fuziah Md. Zain; Muhammad Yazid Jalaludin;

Urinary Iodine: Biomarker for Population Iodine Nutrition

Abstract

Muchos informes o manuales se habían centrado en la implementación del programa de eliminación del trastorno por deficiencia de yodo (IDD) desde el punto de vista de los gerentes del programa. En este capítulo, nos centraremos en la importancia de las pruebas de yodo urinario, su diagnóstico relacionado y las pruebas de biomarcadores adicionales sugeridas para un diagnóstico adicional relacionado con la salud de la tiroides. Este capítulo será relevante para los encuestados del programa de monitoreo, en particular para los escolares de 8 a 10 años y las mujeres embarazadas, es decir, los grupos objetivo vulnerables de las áreas con deficiencia de yodo o la yodación universal de sal (USI) .USI ha sido propuesto por la Organización Mundial de la Salud (OMS) como el programa más rentable para eliminar la IDD, y también es una forma de aumentar el cociente inteligente (IQ ) de la población mundial para el futuro. Este capítulo se ha diseñado para que los lectores conozcan brevemente la razón detrás de las pruebas de yodo urinario entre escolares y mujeres embarazadas bajo la implementación de los programas de USI en sus países y sus beneficios, especialmente la utilización de yodo urinario como biomarcador para representar el estado de yodo de la población. El diagnóstico, incluidas las enfermedades tiroideas inducidas por yodo y la medición adicional de biomarcadores además del yodo urinario, también se analiza brevemente.

De nombreux rapports ou manuels se sont concentrés sur la mise en œuvre du programme d'élimination des troubles dus à une carence en iode (TDI) du point de vue des responsables du programme. Dans ce chapitre, nous nous concentrerons sur l'importance du dépistage urinaire de l'iode, de son diagnostic associé et des tests de biomarqueurs suggérés pour un diagnostic ultérieur lié à la santé thyroïdienne. Ce chapitre sera pertinent pour les répondants au programme de surveillance, en particulier les écoliers et les femmes enceintes âgés de 8 à 10 ans, c'est-à-dire les groupes cibles vulnérables des zones à carence en iode ou de l'iodation universelle du sel (L'USI a été proposé par l'Organisation mondiale de la santé (OMS) comme le programme le plus rentable pour éliminer les IDD, et c'est aussi un moyen d'augmenter le quotient intelligent (QI ) de la population mondiale pour l'avenir. Ce chapitre a été présenté afin que les lecteurs connaissent brièvement la raison d'être du test de l'iode urinaire chez les écoliers et les femmes enceintes dans le cadre de la mise en œuvre des programmes USI dans leurs pays et leurs avantages, en particulier l'utilisation de l'iode urinaire comme biomarqueur pour représenter l'état d'iode de la population. Le diagnostic, y compris les maladies thyroïdiennes induites par l'iode et d'autres mesures de biomarqueurs en plus de l'iode urinaire, est également brièvement discuté.

Many reports or manuals had focused on the implementation of iodine deficiency disorder (IDD) elimination programme from the point of view of the programme managers.In this chapter, we will focus on the importance of urinary iodine testing, its related diagnosis and further biomarker testing suggested for further diagnosis related to thyroid health.This chapter will be relevant for the respondents to the monitoring programme, particularly the 8-10-year-old schoolchildren and pregnant women, i.e., the vulnerable targeted groups from either the iodine-deficient areas or the Universal Salt Iodization (USI) gazetted areas.USI has been proposed by the World Health Organization (WHO) as the most cost-effective programme to eliminate IDD, and it is also a way to increase the intelligent quotient (IQ ) of the world population for the future.This chapter had been laid out so that the readers will know briefly the rationale behind the testing of urinary iodine among schoolchildren and pregnant women under the implementation of the USI programmes in their countries and their benefits, especially the utilisation of urinary iodine as the biomarker to portray the population iodine status.Diagnosis including iodine-induced thyroid diseases and further biomarkers measurement besides urinary iodine is also discussed briefly.

ركزت العديد من التقارير أو الأدلة على تنفيذ برنامج القضاء على اضطراب نقص اليود (IDD) من وجهة نظر مديري البرامج. في هذا الفصل، سنركز على أهمية اختبار اليود البولي والتشخيص المرتبط به والمزيد من اختبارات المؤشرات الحيوية المقترحة لمزيد من التشخيص المتعلق بصحة الغدة الدرقية. سيكون هذا الفصل مناسبًا للمستجيبين لبرنامج المراقبة، لا سيما تلاميذ المدارس والنساء الحوامل الذين تتراوح أعمارهم بين 8 و 10 سنوات، أي الفئات الضعيفة المستهدفة من المناطق التي تعاني من نقص اليود أو اليود العالمي للملح (تم اقتراح USI من قبل منظمة الصحة العالمية (WHO) باعتباره البرنامج الأكثر فعالية من حيث التكلفة للقضاء على IDD، وهو أيضًا وسيلة لزيادة حاصل الذكاء (IQ ) لسكان العالم للمستقبل. تم وضع هذا الفصل حتى يعرف القراء باختصار الأساس المنطقي وراء اختبار اليود البولي بين تلاميذ المدارس والنساء الحوامل في إطار تنفيذ برامج USI في بلدانهم وفوائدها، وخاصة استخدام اليود البولي كمؤشر حيوي لتصوير حالة اليود لدى السكان. كما تمت مناقشة التشخيص بما في ذلك أمراض الغدة الدرقية الناجمة عن اليود والمزيد من قياس المؤشرات الحيوية إلى جانب اليود البولي بإيجاز.

Keywords

Management of Hyperbilirubinemia in Newborn Infants, Bilirubin Measurement, Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Population, Organic chemistry, Iodine Deficiency, Biochemistry, Thyroid Disease and Hormone Regulation, Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology, Health Sciences, Heme Oxygenase and Carbon Monoxide Research, Molecular Biology, Urinary system, Internal medicine, Life Sciences, Biomarker, Chemistry, Environmental health, Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health, Medicine, Iodine

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    popularity
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    Top 10%
    influence
    This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
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    This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
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selected citations
These citations are derived from selected sources.
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
5
Top 10%
Average
Average
hybrid