
doi: 10.5772/36402
Knowledge of competitive plant interactions is important in designing more productive cropping systems in both agriculture and forestry. These interactions are often variable in nature, and may be competitive, synergistic or complementary depending on several factors such as species mixture, environmental conditions and management practices, which are also influenced by prevailing socioeconomic factors. Most of these interactions often involve primarily competition for the major plant growth resources namely: light, moisture, nutrients and space. Unfortunately, segregating the specific mechanisms involved at any time in the competition process has often been a major problem for many agro-ecologists because of the complex interactive nature of the requirements by plants for these growth resources. Although significant attempts and gains have been made with respect to understanding mechanisms for competition for a single aboveground resource (i.e. light), little progress has been made with respect to competition for a broad range of belowground resources (i.e. nutrients and moisture). This is mainly because of the multiple belowground interactions involving complex processes and mechanisms of availability, uptake and utilization by plants. In the case of nutrients, plants compete for a broad range of essential plant mineral elements that differ in molecular size, valence, oxidation state and mobility within the soil. Unofortunately, and leess understood, belowground competition often reduces plant performance more than aboveground competition (Wilson 1988), and it is the principal form of competition occurring in ecosystems with extremely low plant densities such as arid lands and low fertility sites (Fowler, 1986).
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