The search for sustainable processes is growing in different media, however, is the replacement of fossil fuels with renewable fuels that have greater focus. Find cultures with potential for oil production and have high performance is a major bottleneck to the growth of biofuels. This literature review aims to contribute information about a productive and efficient in the production of palm oil, the macauba. This palm has an average fruit yield of 15 t ha-1 and average yield of 4 t ha-1 oil well above the yield of the most commonly used oil, such as soybean, castor bean, sunflower, cotton and peanuts, which has average productivity of 1 t ha-1 . Thus, macauba shows potential for sustainable biofuel production and extraction of family, and be found in virtually all regions of Brazil.