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Sociologija i prostor
Article . 2018 . Peer-reviewed
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Slovaci u Osječko-baranjskoj županiji i nacionalni identitet: sjećanjem/pamćenjem protiv asimilacije

The Slovaks of Osijek-Baranja County and their National Identity: Memory Against Assimilation
Authors: Babić, Dragutin;

Slovaci u Osječko-baranjskoj županiji i nacionalni identitet: sjećanjem/pamćenjem protiv asimilacije

Abstract

U ovom se radu na temelju empirijskog istraživanja provedenog u Osječkobaranjskoj županiji obrađuje asimilacija i nacionalni identitet Slovaka u toj županiji, u korelaciji sa sjećanjem/pamćenjem te zajednice. Slovaci su „stara“ nacionalna manjina, čiji su pripadnici u Slavoniju i Osječko-baranjsku županiju doseljavali uglavnom u 18., 19. i početkom 20. stoljeća. U toj županiji udio slovačke nacionalne manjine, prema posljednjem popisu stanovništva 2011. godine, iznosi 0,7% od ukupne populacije, a ukupno ih je registrirano 2.293. Ako se usporedi njihovo kretanje u trima zadnjim popisima (1991., 2001., 2011.), primjetno je značajno povećanje u prvom međupopisnom razdoblju (1991. – 2001.), s 1.279 na 2.155, dok je povećanje u drugom međupopisnom razdoblju (2001. – 2011.) vrlo blago, pa njihov broj iznosi 2.293. Razlog velikog povećanja u prvom međupopisnom razdoblju treba tražiti u promjeni granica županije, u čiji sastav ulazi područje Našica i okolice (prethodno u Požeško-slavonskoj županiji), u kojoj su Slovaci dosta zastupljeni. Istraživanje je provedeno u gradu Osijeku, a intervjuirano je ukupno devet Slovaka (polustrukturirani intervjui). Pitanja u intervjuima obuhvaćaju njihovo doseljavanje u Slavoniju, oblike i probleme oko integracije, pamćenje i sjećanje pripadnika na glavne događaje važne za nacionalnu zajednicu, koegzistenciju s drugim nacionalnim zajednicama, asimilaciju, očuvanje nacionalnog identiteta i organiziranost na prostoru Osječko-baranjske županije. Slovaci posredstvom komunikacijskog i kulturalnog pamćenja čuvaju spoznaje o dolasku svojih predaka u Slavoniju. Njihovu integraciju u lokalne zajednice pospješila su neka zanimanja koja donose u novi kraj kao i potreba za radnom snagom na opustošenoj zemlji, posebno kod prvih doseljenja. Asimilacija je dugotrajno prisutna, kao kod većine nacionalnih/etničkih manjina, ali se kod Slovaka u nekoliko posljednjih desetljeća primjećuje blagi trend povećanja broja i udjela u županijskoj populaciji. Pored ostalih uzroka (novo doseljavanje, tolerantnija atmosfera u društvu u poslijeratnom razdoblju), važan je razlog njihova organiziranost u kulturi, folkloru i čuvanju tradicije, korištenje C modela u osnovnoškolskom i srednjoškolskom obrazovanju te revitalizacija nacionalnog identiteta nakon stvaranja samostalne slovačke države, koja nastaje disolucijom nekadašnje Čehoslovačke. U Našicama je osnovan Slovački centar za kulturu, čija djelatnost obuhvaća koordinaciju slovačkih matica i udruga Slovaka koje djeluju na prostoru Hrvatske. Sve to pridonosi čuvanju, izgradnji pa i jačanju nacionalnog identiteta Slovaka u Osječko-baranjskoj županiji i u Hrvatskoj.

This paper, based on empirical research carried out in Osijek-Baranja county, examines the correlation between the assimilation and national identity of the Slovak community and their collective memory. Slovaks are an “old“ national minority who started settling down in Slavonia as early as the 18th century and continued throughout the 19th and the beginning of the 20th century. According to the 2011 census there were 2,293 Slovaks in Osijek-Baranja county (0.7% of the total population). In the ten-year interval between the 1991 and the 2001 census there was a significant increase in the number of Slovaks, from 1,279 to 2,155. The second interval between the 2001 and the 2011 census, however, saw a small rise in the Slovak population, from 2,155 to 2,293. The reason for the big increase between 1991 and 2001 was that the town of Našice (previously part of Požega-Slavonia county with a considerable number of Slovak residents) became part of Osijek-Baranja county. The research was conducted in Osijek using semi-structured interviews with nine Slovaks. The interview questions encompassed their arrival in Slavonia and issues related to their integration into the new community, memories of the most important national community events, co-existence with the members of other minority groups, assimilation, preservation of national identity and organization of life in Osijek-Baranja county. The Slovaks have kept their ancestors’ first arrival and settlements in Slavonia in their communicative and cultural memory. Their integration into the local community was facilitated by certain professions they brought along and the need for workforce on the ravaged land at the time of first settlements. Assimilation has been long present like in most ethnic minorities but several last decades have witnessed a slight increase in the number of Slovaks in the county population. Beside obvious reasons (new immigration, more tolerant post-war atmosphere in the society), some vital factors in the population rise are the Slovaks’ efforts to preserve their culture, folklore and tradition, the implementation of model C in elementary and secondary education, the revitalization of national identity after the dissolution of Czechoslovakia and Slovakia’s independence. The Slovak Cultural Centre was established in Našice in 2011 and it co-ordinates the work of Matica Slovenská and Slovak associations across Croatia. All these activities strengthen the formation and expression of the Slovak national identity in Osijek-Baranja county and Croatia.

Country
Croatia
Keywords

memory, asimilacija, Slovaci, sjećanje, pamćenje, nacionalni identitet, asimilacija, assimilation, pamćenje, sjećanje, Slovaks, national identity, Slovaci, nacionalni identitet, Slovaaks

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selected citations
These citations are derived from selected sources.
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
0
Average
Average
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