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Agronomie environnement & sociétés
Article . 2023 . Peer-reviewed
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Fonctionnement hydrique de sols en Agriculture de Conservation des Sols

Authors: Alletto, Lionel; Bustillo, Vincent;

Fonctionnement hydrique de sols en Agriculture de Conservation des Sols

Abstract

Les propriétés des sols, sous l’influence majeure des pratiques agricoles dans les parcelles cultivées, conditionnent la répartition et la qualité de l’eau. En agriculture de conservation (AC), la combinaison des pratiques mises en œuvre peut modifier la rétention et la circulation de l’eau. Des mesures de conductivité hydraulique (Ks), de taille du réservoir utilisable (RU) et de densité apparente ont été réalisées de 0 à 50 cm de profondeur dans plusieurs sols du sud-ouest de la France, à différentes dates, afin d’estimer la dynamique temporelle de ces propriétés. Les mesures de Ks sont en moyenne 1.5 à 3 fois plus élevées en AC (100 à 160 mm h-1 en moyenne sur 0-50 cm de profondeur) qu’en labour (50 à 70 mm h-1), avec des différences selon les sols. La variabilité temporelle des capacités d’infiltration est réduite en AC par rapport au témoin labouré. La taille du RU est très légèrement accrue à l’échelle du profil de sol (+10 % max). En revanche, la profondeur d’enracinement, et donc la capacité à valoriser ce RU, est accrue en AC. Ainsi, les modifications du fonctionnement hydrique des sols en AC semblent davantage être liées une meilleure valorisation de la RU qu'à une augmentation de sa taille.

Soil properties, under the major influence of agricultural practices in cultivated plots, condition the distribution and quality of water and present a high spatial and temporal variability. In conservation agriculture (CA), the combination of practices implemented can modify water retention and circulation. Measurements of hydraulic conductivity (Ks), the size of the available water capacity (AWC) and bulk density were performed from 0 to 50 cm depth in the soils at different dates in order to estimate the temporal dynamics of these properties. The Ks measurements are on average 1.5 to 3 times higher under CA (100 to 160 mm h-1 on average over a depth of 0-50 cm) than under ploughing (50 to 70 mm h-1), with differences depending on the soil. The temporal variability of infiltration capacities is reduced in CA compared to tilled fields. The size of the AWC is slightly increased at the scale of the soil profile (+10% max). On the other hand, the rooting depth, and thus the capacity to valorize this AWC, is increased in CA. Thus, the changes in soil water functioning in CA seem to be more related to a better use of the AWC and its better use than an increase in its size.

Country
France
Keywords

[SDV.SA.AGRO] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Agricultural sciences/Agronomy, [SDV.SA.AGRO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Agricultural sciences/Agronomy, non-labour, réservoir utilisable, structure, rétention, perméabilité hydraulique

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selected citations
These citations are derived from selected sources.
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
1
Average
Average
Average
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