The present research project is a multidisciplinary and preventive study of environmental factors and, in particular, of strains associated with shift-work in general and shift-onset in particular on the workers’ health. Chronobiological studies of proposed models simulating daily variations of rhythms as the result of a circadian component (endogenous “body clock”), exogenous factors (hours awake), and their interaction (Folkard et al., 1999; Ackerstedt & Folkard, 1997). Hence, ergonomic studies based on the operators’ activity successfully simulated the circadian variations in shift-workers performance by including the factor of task requirements in a three-process model (Andorre-Gruet et al., 1999). This model was able to account for the unexpected quantitatively and qualitatively differences of operators’ activity and psychophysiological measures on shift-onset (1st hour of the shift) compared to that observed on the remaining time of the shift (Andorre & Quéinnec, 1996 ; Cariou, 2003). Elsewhere, shift-work organization is also known to interact with constraints of everyday familial and social life and, in addition, several health problems and decreased job satisfaction appear to be more frequently associated with shift-work than with work during the normal day (Marquié & Forêt, 1999; Folkard et al., 2005 ; Smith et al., 2001). More generally, the exposure to degraded physical and psychosocial working conditions affects operators’ health (Parkes, 2003), either due to high job demands associated with low resources (Karasek, 1979), or the perception of differences between the effort provided and the “reward” earned from the institution (Siegrist, 1996). To sum up, the consequences of shift-work organization on performance and health are largely documented, but from particular theoretical and practical points of view. It seems then pertinent to perform a multidisciplinary field study by combining the methodologies of ergonomics, social psychology, psychophysiology, cognitive psychology, in order to develop a model of “performance” at work on the 24-h day which may predict operators’ health and well-being. We intend to implement Andorre-Gruet et al’s model by exploring the effects of two additional dimensions, stress at work and work/family conflicts, on cognitive load on shift onset, and suggest that stress or tension perceived at work, may mediate the effects the remaining factors - task requirements, biological rhythms, hours worked, work/family conflicts - , and may thus predict physical and mental health.

MODELESPACE The project brings together researchers, historians, mathematicians, geomatics, from three UMR CNRS. The project comes from an observation made by historians and geographers on problems using a documentary very common, the "compoix" and "terrier", to study the dynamics of landscapes. These tax records (XIII-XVIII century) are describing the territories but not containing maps. These documents, for accuracy and extent of territory they cover, would be an extraordinary source to replenish the dynamic landscape medieval and modern. Currently, information processing and spatial burrows compoix is the result of individual initiatives, developing ad hoc solutions and "craft", where the dynamic is not present. In the 1980s, researchers have realized the benefits of using graph theory to assist in data processing and parcel of compoix burrows. This intuition was sadly empty, and has offered little that tracks research in the absence of real results. This failure resulted from technical and conceptual locks. At the moment, the advance of technology and progress mathematics would suggest that the project is feasible. The first phase will consist of two packages. We will achieve a database from tax records, then switch the oldest cadastral map available to a GIS. To do this it will be necessary to georeference and the vector. In a second step, we plan to create a dual graph plots described in tax records. Each parcel will be a summit of the graph. Links neighborhoods (confronts) used to build bones. Once the graph constructed, the key phase of this integration will be the geo summits this graph that automatically authorize the overlay of land recently. The basis of the geo will use what we mean by "structural holes" of the graph places. A hole of the graph may be a way not described in the compoix or terrier, it can also match as we have already noticed a noble not subject to tax. An analysis of the nature of these accidents topological graph automatically identified by mathematicians will be made at this stage of the study. For each of them will be to define those structures in time for the parcel: River Road Church, .... The analysis will be on microtoponyms tapped. The ultimate goal of the project is to study the dynamics of rural and urban landscapes in the long run. It will not be possible to reach a reconstruction "realistic" fragmented landscape. Therefore, analyzing the dynamics will be mainly from comparisons graph, where a theme of the project teams (IMT) have a strong experience. A final task is to establish a procedure to validate the results of our investigations. We set ourselves the goal of being able to specify the impact of the variable "source" on the outcome. We will develop a table of the tool processing spatial data, which depend not only comfort seizure, but the reliability of results. We therefore end up with a process that implements all operations leading to the study of these dynamics. We hope to develop this project so that most of these sources can be integrated into these studies landscape, knowing that this material is present not only in France but across much of Europe. At the end of the project, a "manual" procedure will be implemented in French and English (several international collaborations are planned). The expected impact, which may give rise to extensions to this project, are at least four kinds: - Extension of traditional historical approaches to come so far come up against the problem of location data - Advanced mathematics and geomatics. This is likely to lead to the establishment of a patent or legal protection both on the computer on the methodological process. - Uses the process through various approaches related to climate or land use. - Improving the management of historical and archaeological heritage. Appropriate use of the procedure that we could develop by its retrospective nature, simplify and reduce the cost of certain diagnoses archaeological (INRAP) in urban areas.