Turkmenistan is located in the center of the Eurasian continent, far from the world ocean, in the desert and semi-desert zones of the temperate zone. The main part of its territory (80%) is occupied by the Karakum desert. As such, the majority of the country's population lives in oases, i.e. river valleys and foothills with underground streams. However, today the role of the Karakum desert in the development of various sectors of the national economy of Turkmenistan is indispensable. Its subsoil is rich in hydrocarbon raw materials, and the fuel and energy sector occupies an important place in the country's economy. The Karakum desert is rich in flora and fauna compared to other deserts in the world. This is of great importance in the development of animal husbandry in the desert. Also, the area of land suitable for cultivation in the Karakum desert exceeds 15 million hectares.