Amended key to Allium species of Pakistan (based on Nasir, 1975) We propose to include the three newly recorded species and their diagnostic characters into the Allium key of “Flora of Pakistan, Alliaceae, No. 83" (Nasir, 1975; nomenclature not modernized and errors in taxonomy not corrected) as follows: 1 + Bulbs with a narrow, more or less cylindrical, distinct rhizome ............................................................................. 26 - Bulbs broadly ovoid to subglobose, without a distinct rhizome ................................................................................ 2 2 + Outer bulb coats distinctly reticulately fibrous .......................................................................................................... 3 - Outer bulb coats scaly, papery or coriaceous, white to pinkish or grey to brownish ……..…….…......................... 7 3 + Scape 4-10 cm long. Leaves circinate or flexuous ....................................................................... Allium stocksianum - Scape more than 10 cm long. Leaves neither circinate nor flexuous ……................................................................ 4 4 + Leaves not fistular, pilose to glabrous ……............................................................................................................... 5 - Leaves fistular, glabrous to scabrid ……................................................................................................................... 6 5 + Leaves pilose, tepals white, filaments 2/3 of tepal length …….................................................... Allium longicollum - Leaves glabrous, tepals lilac, filaments longer to as long as tepals …….................................. Allium registanicum 6 + Leaves 3-8, filiform to linear, 1-2 mm broad, up to as long as the plants. Tepals white to rose coloured, veins rose- purple ………................................................................................................................................. Allium borszczowii - Leaves 2-3, filiform, semicylindric, shorter than the plants. Tepals white with greenish veins …….. Allium filidens 7 + Bulb coats scaly or papery ………............................................................................................................................. 8 - Bulb outer coats coriaceous, striate or with parallel to reticulate veins …….......................................................... 16 8 + Stamens longer than tepals …..….............................................................................................................................. 9 - Stamens as long as or shorter than tepals ……........................................................................................................ 10 9 + Bulb c. 1 cm broad. Leaves 2, 1.5-3 mm broad. Inner filaments (3-) 5-cuspidate …...…………. Allium micranthum - Bulb 3-4 cm broad. Leaves 6-12, 1- 2 cm broad. Inner filaments 3-cuspidate ………….…………… Allium porrum 10 + Flowers white. Leaves flat, keeled, not fistular. Plants cultivated ………………………….………………..…… 11 - Flowers rose to purple or violet. Leaves fistular or not …………………………………..….…………………… 12 11 + Bulbs with 6-10 large scaly bulbils. Inner filaments toothed ……………………………………….. Allium sativum - Bulbs round without scaly bulbils. Filaments entire …..……………………………………… Allium neapolitanum 12 + Leaves up to 1 cm broad. Scape less than 50 cm long …………………………………………….……………… 13 - Leaves 1-5 cm broad. Scape c. 1 m long ………………...………………………………………..……………… 14 13 + Leaves filiform, less than 2 mm broad …………………………………………………………… Allium caesioides - Leaves linear, 2-9 mm broad ……………………………………………………………………..………………. 15 14 + Tepals 8-11 mm long, ovate. Filaments triangular, about half the length of the tepals ………… Allium oreophilum - Tepals 4-6 mm long, lanceolate. Filaments about 3/4 the length of the tepals ….………………. Allium chitralicum 15 + Leaves glabrous ….………………………………………………………………………… Allium rosenbachianum - Leaves, especially below in the lower part, pilose …...…………………………………………… Allium stipitatum 16 + Leaves up to 5 -9 mm broad. Stamen filaments included ………………………………………………………… 17 - Leaves 1-3 cm broad. Stamen filaments exserted ………………………………………………………………… 24 17 + Pedicels 3-4 cm long. Umbels few-flowered. Inner filaments more or less distinctly 2-toothed; teeth short, rounded.………………………………………………………………………………………………… Allium gillii - Pedicels 0.5-30 mm long. Umbels many-flowered, filaments entire …………….…………………………..…… 18 18 + Filaments less than half the length of tepals ..…………………………………………………………………….. 19 - Filaments about half to 3/4 the length of tepals …...……………………………………………………………… 20 19 + About 2/3 of the filaments united, upper parts free. Inner tepals gibbous at the base. Umbel without bulbils.…………………………………………………………………………………………. Allium griffithianum - About 1/4 of the filaments united at the base, upper 3/4 of the filaments free. Inner tepals not gibbous at the base. Umbel usually with bulbils ………………………………………………………………..…… Allium umbilicatum 20 + Tepals 0.7- 1 cm long, obtuse or elliptical. Leaf sheaths 3- winged or not winged …..…….……………………. 21 - Tepals 3-6 mm long acute or obtuse. Leaf sheath not winged …………………………………………………… 22 21 + Tepals about 1 cm long, pink to white, filaments ¾ of tepal length. Leaf sheaths 3- winged …….. Allium tripterum - Tepals about 0.7-1 cm long, mauve. Filaments half of tepal length. Leaf sheath unwinged …………………………………………………………………………………… Allium caroli-henrici 22 + Tepals 5-6 mm long, white, veins reddish, acute. Inner filaments broadly ovate …..……………. Allium lamondiae - Tepals 3-5 mm long, white or rose, acute or obtuse. Inner filaments triangular …………………………….…… 23 23 + Tepals pink coloured, acute. Leaf sheaths glabrous …..……………………………………….. Allium jacquemontii - Tepals white to pinkish, obtuse. Leaf sheaths pubescent ………………………………………… Allium miserabile 24 + Scape c. 1 m long. Pedicels up to 3 cm long. Tepals 5-6 mm long ……...…………………...…… Allium macleanii - Scape 10-30 cm long. Pedicels 1-9 cm long, very unequal. Tepals 6-8 mm long …..………….………………… 25 25 + Scape 10-20 cm, pedicels 1-9 cm, tepals 7-8 mm, oval, obtuse ……………………...…………..… Allium caspium - Scape 10-30 cm, pedicels 1-2 cm, tepals 6-7 mm, elliptical-linear, recurved, obtuse …...………. Allium zhobicum 26 + Bulbs with membranous, scaly or coriaceous, striate coats ………………………………...………………….…. 27 - Bulbs with distinct fibrous, reticulate coats ……………………………………………………………………… 34 27 + Filaments shorter than tepals ………………………………………………………………..……………………. 28 - Filaments as long as or longer than tepals ……………………………………………………………………… 29 28 + Tepals pink. All filaments entire, connate for 1/3 to 1/4 of their length ……………………. Allium schoenoprasum - Tepals yellow. Inner filaments slightly obtusely toothed, connate for more than half of their lengths ..…………………………………………………………………………………….. Allium fedschenkoanum 29 + Tepals white or greenish-white ...…………………………………………………………………………………. 30 - Tepals cream coloured to golden-yellow or rose coloured to reddish ….………………………………………… 31 30 + Scape fistular, inflated in the middle. Tepals greenish-white. Cultivated ….………………..……….… Allium cepa - Scape neither fistular nor inflated. Tepals white ……………………………...………………….…. Allium farctum 31 + Bulb coats membranous, reddish-brown. Inner filaments 2-toothed at the base …...…………………. Allium roylei - Bulb coats coriaceous, brown. All filaments entire ………………………………...…………………………….. 32 32 + Leaves filiform, up to 1 mm broad, apex acute …………………………………….……………… Allium filifolium - Leaves linear to lanceolate, 2-15 mm broad, apex obtuse …………………………...…………………………… 33 33 + Tepals yellow, sometimes pink. Leaves 3-5, linear, 2-3 mm broad …………………...…… Allium consanguineum - Tepals rose coloured. Leaves 5-6, broadly linear, falcate, 5-15 mm broad ……………...….… Allium carolinianum 34 + Filaments exserted ………………………………………………………………………...……………………… 43 - Filaments as long as or shorter than tepals ………………………………………………..……………………… 35 35 + Leaves 1-2 cm broad ……………………………………………………………………………… Allium gilgiticum - Leaves less than 1 cm broad ……………………………………………………………………………………… 36 36 + Filaments as long as tepals. Style exserted ………………………………………………...…. Allium dolichostylum - Filaments shorter than tepals. Style included ………………………………………………..…………………… 37 37 + Tepals white, 4-5 mm long, oblong. Inner filaments broad, each with an unilateral tooth …...…………………………………………………………………………………… Allium baluchistanicum - Tepals white to pink or purple to dark purple, oblong, elliptic to ovate or lanceolate, 5 or more mm long. Filaments narrow to broad, entire or toothed ……………………………………………………………………... 38 38 + Tepals acute to acuminate or mucronate.…………………………………………………………………………. 39 - Tepals acute to obtuse. Filaments up to 1/2 the length of tepals ….……………………………………………… 41 39 + Tepals white, rarely pink, 6-10 mm long, elliptic. Filaments c. 1/2 the length of tepals. Inner filaments narrowly triangular ……………………………………………………………………………….………… Allium tuberosum - Tepals pink 5-8 mm long, oblong to lanceolate. Filaments 1/2 to 2/3 the length of tepals. Inner filaments broadly triangular to oblong ………………………………………………….……………………………………………. 40 40 + Tepals c. 8 mm long, acuminate. Inner filaments broadly triangular ………………..………… Allium barsczewskii - Tepals 5-6 mm long, apex with a recurved mucro. Inner filaments broadly flattened to oblong.………………………………………………………………………………………….. Allium oreoprasum 41 + Tepals white, 7-10 mm long, obtuse. Filaments linear to narrowly triangular …..……………….….. Allium humile - Tepals dark purple, 6-7 mm long, obtuse to acute. Filaments triangular ………...…………………….………… 42 42 + Filaments c. half the length of tepals; anthers mucronate. Leaves filiform, convolute, acute …...………………………………………………………………………………………….. Allium tenuicaule - Filaments less than half the length of tepals; anthers not mucronate. Leaves cylindrical, fistular, 1 -3 mm broad, obtuse ….…………………………………………………………………………………… Allium atrosanguineum 43 + Bulb reddish. Tepals pink to purple, c. 6 mm long, oblong to lanceolate. Leaves linear, c. 1 mm broad ……..………………………………………………………………………………………… Allium stoliczkii - Bulb brownish. Tepals white to yellowish-white, c. 5 mm long, oblong. Leaves broadly lanceolate to oval ...……………………………………………………………………………………………… Allium victorialis

Published as part of Khan, Nazar, Fritsch, R. M., Sultan, Amir & Khan, Tahir, 2021, ALLIUM (AMARYLLIDACEAE) SPECIES IN PAKISTAN: TWO NEW RECORDS AND A NEW SPECIES FROM ZHOB (BALOCHISTAN), pp. 1-7 in Pakistan Journal of Botany 53 (5) on pages 5-6, DOI: 10.30848/PJB2021-5(1), http://zenodo.org/record/4679877