The increased demand for meat is driven by a rising human population, and a dramatic growth in meat consumption per person. Farmers and scientists have sought to curb the adverse environmental impacts of livestock by increasing production efficiency, and reducing its contribution to human consumption. Reduction in livestock feed components, which compete with human food crop production, is one approach to mitigating negative environmental impacts and strengthening future food security. Mediterranean pastures, such as dehesa and montado, face considerable challenges. Continuous grazing results in dramatic seasonal variations in grass production and difficulties in providing sufficient fodder for livestock throughout the year. Consequently, the dependence on external feed supplies compromises the profitability of many farms. Better adapted grazing management schemes are needed to enhance the resilience of the dehesas and montados.