As a summary of three years of research carried out in the EU FP7 project Agforward, Jo Smith and colleagues at the Organic Research Centre in the UK have produced a "Lessons Learnt" report. Although willow has been widely promoted in the UK, their research shows that under the relatively dry conditions in Suffolk, the biomass and bio-energy yields of hazel can be as high as that for willow. The effect of lines of SRC on spring oats, barley, and wheat yields were examined within a long-term programme investigating the effects of an evolutionary plant breeding approach. With the possible exception of the oats, the yield of each crop declined with greater proximity to uncoppiced tree rows. The last part of the report demonstrates how the Yield-SAFE model can be used to describe the biomass production of crops and willow over time in different configurations.