Cancer in dialysis patients is a common problem and is one of the most common reasons of mordibity and mortality in developed countries. An impaired renal function leads to the accumulation in the blood products of nitrogen transformation, which negatively affect organ function, especially the immune system. The Standardized Cancer Incidence is higher in patients with end-stage kidney failure than in the general population and reaches 1,18-1,42. The cancer risk is three times higher in dialysis patients over age 65 years and is more common among hemodialysis than peritoneal dialysis patients. The most common type of cancer occurring in this group of patients is urinary tract cancer which often develops on the basis of acquired cysts and in patients previously treated with cyclophosphamide. Nonetheless, patients with kidney problems are not regularly tested for these diseases and the only group that is screened for cancer are patients tested for kidney transplantation. Some problems in this topic are briefly presented in this article.