
Dans cet article nous avons écarté les notions d'ancien/nouveau et de présupposé/information nouvelle pour définir la focalisation. Nous avons mis l'accent, dans cette définition, sur la nécessité d'articuler assertion et focalisation. La focalisation fait porter l'assertion sur l'identification du terme focalisé, la relation prédicative étant hors-assertion, présentée par l'énonciateur comme préconstruite, déjà munie de son repérage énonciatif. Qui dit focalisation dit assertion dissociée de la relation prédicative. Nous avons ensuite exploré les marques formelles de la focalisation : position syntaxique (extraposition à l'initiale, en finale ou à l'intérieur de la relation prédicative), morphème d'identification, conjugaison spécifique. Dans l'étude sémantique, nous avons montré que la notion de contraste est insuffisante à rendre compte des valeurs référentielles de la focalisation. Le contraste se retrouve dans la définition du terme topique, et un grand nombre des valeurs référentielles de la focalisation ne font pas appel au contraste.
In this article the notions of old or presupposed vs. new information have been discarded for the definition of focus. We have stressed the necessity to articulate focus and assertion. Focussing can be defined as asserting the identification of the item which is focussed, while the predicate is outside the scope of assertion, considered by the speaker as a preconstruct, which already has its own enunciative frame. Focussing means that predication and assertion are distint. The exponents of focussing were then explored: syntactic position (clause-initial, internal or final); identifying morpheme, specific TAM's. In the semantic study, it has been shown that the notion of contrast cannot alone account for the variety of referential values associated with focussing. Contrast accounts for some of the referential values of topicalisation too, and a good number of the the referential values associated with focussing do not involve contrast.
topic, syntaxe, preconstruct, préconstruit, linguistics, topicalisation, African languages, [SHS.LANGUE] Humanities and Social Sciences/Linguistics, langues africaines, focus, assertion, énonciation, syntax, information structure, linguistique, focalisation
topic, syntaxe, preconstruct, préconstruit, linguistics, topicalisation, African languages, [SHS.LANGUE] Humanities and Social Sciences/Linguistics, langues africaines, focus, assertion, énonciation, syntax, information structure, linguistique, focalisation
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