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Effects of Inactivated Mycobacterium bovis Vaccination on Molokai-Origin Wild Pigs Experimentally Infected with Virulent M. bovis

Authors: Pauline Nol; Morgan E. Wehtje; Richard A. Bowen; Suelee Robbe-Austerman; Tyler C. Thacker; Kristina Lantz; Jack C. Rhyan; +5 Authors

Effects of Inactivated Mycobacterium bovis Vaccination on Molokai-Origin Wild Pigs Experimentally Infected with Virulent M. bovis

Abstract

The wild pig population on Molokai, Hawaii, USA is a possible reservoir for bovine tuberculosis, caused by Mycobacterium bovis, and has been implicated in decades past as the source of disease for the island’s domestic cattle. Heat-inactivated vaccines have been effective for reducing disease prevalence in wild boar in Spain and could prove useful for managing M. bovis in Molokai wild pigs. We designed an experiment to test this vaccine in wild pigs of Molokai genetics. Fifteen 3–4-month-old pigs were orally administered 106–107 colony forming units (cfu) of heat-inactivated M. bovis (Vaccinates; n = 8; 0.2 mL) or phosphate buffered saline (Controls; n = 7; 0.2 mL). Each dose was administered in a 0.5 mL tube embedded in a fruit candy/cracked corn mix. Boosters were given seven weeks post-prime in the same manner and dose. Nineteen weeks post-prime, pigs were orally challenged with 1 × 106 cfu of virulent M. bovis. Twelve weeks post-challenge, pigs were euthanized and necropsied, at which time 23 different tissues from the head, thorax, and abdomen were collected and examined. Each tissue was assigned a lesion score. Ordinal lesion score data were analyzed using non-parametric Wilcoxon Signed Rank test. Effect size was calculated using Cohen’s d. Four of eight Vaccinates and four of seven Controls had gross and microscopic lesions, as well as culture-positive tissues. Vaccinates had statistically lower lesion scores than Controls in the following areas: gross thoracic lesion scores (p = 0.013 Cohen’s d = 0.33) and microscopic thoracic lesion scores (p = 0.002, Cohen’s d = 0.39). There were no differences in head lesion scores alone, both gross and microscopic, nor were there differences when comparing combined gross and microscopic head and thoracic lesion scores. These results are indicative that this vaccination protocol affords a modest degree of infection containment with this vaccine in Molokai wild pigs.

Country
United States
Keywords

Veterinary Medicine, 570, Terrestrial and Aquatic Ecology, Epidemiology, Sus scrofa, <i>sus scrofa</i>, 630, Mycobacterium tuberculosis Complex, mycobacterium tuberculosis complex, Article, Veterinary Microbiology and Immunobiology, feral swine, Natural Resources and Conservation, Tuberculosis, and Public Health, Veterinary Infectious Diseases, Veterinary Preventive Medicine, Feral swine, Population Biology, Wild pig, Feral swine; Mycobacterium bovis; Mycobacterium tuberculosis Complex; Sus scrofa; Tuberculosis; Vaccination; Wild pig, Natural Resources Management and Policy, R, Life Sciences, wild pig, <i>mycobacterium bovis</i>, vaccination, Mycobacterium bovis, Other Veterinary Medicine, <i>Sus scrofa</i>, tuberculosis, Animal Sciences, Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex, Medicine, Other Environmental Sciences, Zoology, <i>Mycobacterium bovis</i>, Environmental Sciences

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selected citations
These citations are derived from selected sources.
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
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