The Vietnamese fishing fleet has been developing spontaneously without programming and control. It has bring about detrimental effect on the operate of fishing fleet, especially with a serious impact on the resources. The programming of the fishing fleet, that has been set up by the our fisheries authority, but so far there is no satisfactory solution for the complexity of the problem. In this paper, we present the research results of the application of mathematical programming to build a mathematical model, algorithms and programming to solve the programing problem for Vietnamese fishing fleet. This is base to determine optimal size and distribution of specific fishing fleet to achieve the highest profit with the economic, technical and fishing ground constrains with the aim of ensuring the fishing sustainable development. This research have been applied to learn the concrete conclusions regarding optimal size and dítribution under power, fishing gear and ground of fishing fleet in Ninh Thuan province. The results show that the mathematical programming model has been well suited to the reality. It is required to decrease the size of small power fishing boat fleet that exploits in coastal areas and increse the size of high power fishing boat fleet that exploits in offshore areas.