Human-carnivore conflicts occur globally and are a leading cause of carnivore population declines. Such conflicts usually occur when carnivores predate livestock and can include preemptive and retaliatory killing of carnivores by livestock farmers. In northern Botswana, livestock farming is a widespread and culturally important practice. Subsistence farming enterprises commonly abut protected areas, and human-carnivore conflicts are common. Understanding interactions between livestock and carnivores, and how livestock use resources and habitats generally, are important components to managing these conflicts. Throughout this thesis, I explore human-carnivore conflict in northern Botswana. I found that livestock resource selection and predation vary seasonally and spatially in relation to ecological and anthropogenic features in the landscape. Predation sites are subsequently avoided by cattle in the short-term, but not by goats. Contemporary mitigation to minimise livestock predation events commonlyincludes lethal control and broadscale exclusion by artificial barriers and aversive interventions, yet naturally occurring deterrent signals fine-tuned through evolution are rarely considered. Lions roar to deter conspecifics from territorial boundaries, which prey and subordinate carnivores eavesdrop on and modify their movement and behaviour in response. I used lion vocalisations to understand livestock (prey) responses to this apexcarnivore and to test how effective roars are in deterring lions and other carnivores. Using a high-tech experimental approach, I found that (1) cattle avoid lion vocalizations, while goats do not, and (2) lions are not deterred by lion roars played-back from Remotely Operated Acoustic Repellent stations (ROARs), nor are other human-carnivore conflict species occurring in the area. Finally, I used a commonly occurring anti-predator signal in nature,demonstrating that artificial eyespots painted on cattle rumps deter lions from attacking cattle. Collectively, the results from my thesis can be used to better manage livestock in a landscape of risk, and to promote human-carnivore coexistence by deterring predation. Applications derived from my thesis to promote human-carnivore coexistence can be used across Africa and the globe.