Landscapes retain memories, and the business of the landscape archaeologist is to access those memories and assemble them into a coherent form consistent with the available evidence. As human beings, our most prominent and persistent memories relate to episodes of extreme emotional stress or exuberance, and I believe that the same applies to memories of landscape. Periods of stress and exuberance, terror and control, can lead people into purposive and creative communal activities that may impact their landscapes significantly for subsequent centuries and millennia. At the same time, episodes of calm and stability will leave their own subtle signatures in the memory of landscape, and again it is our task to detect and interpret such traces.