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Deer Milk Compared with Substitute Milk for Fawns

Authors: Helenette Silver;

Deer Milk Compared with Substitute Milk for Fawns

Abstract

White-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) reared artificially under prevalent practices seldom equal wild deer, or fawns raised by their dams, in either size or condition during their first season. In raising fawns for our deer nutrition studies, much individual attention has been required to work out formulas satisfactory for small, weak, or long-abandoned fawns. Even the stronger, more adaptable fawns may not have grown so rapidly during the nursing period as those reared under natural conditions. Most of our information about size and growth of wild New Hampshire fawns comes from those shot during the hunting season at ages of 5-7 months. With a few exceptions fawns we have reared for experimental work were as large as wild fawns of the same age, but it is possible that slow growth during the nursing period was offset by more rapid growth on high-quality concentrates after they started to eat grain. Average weight of our artificially reared fawns, at age 6 months, has been 80 lb. for bucks, 74 lb. for does. These weights are close to the estimated live weight of fawns taken in the harvests from 1951 to 1953: bucks, 81 lb.; does, 77 lb. Diarrhea frequently presents a problem which may affect the entire herd. Pennsylvania (French, et al., 1955), Michigan (letter, Mich. Cons. Dept., March, 1959), and Wisconsin (letter, Wis. Cons. Dept., March, 1959) also report digestive disturbances among artificially reared fawns. In general, New Hampshire fawns have been fed more concentrated formulas, more frequently, over a longer period, and have been somewhat heavier at equivalent ages than those raised in these states.

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selected citations
These citations are derived from selected sources.
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
10
Average
Average
Average
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