Abstract.Species composition, above‐ground biomass and diversity of herbaceous communities were recorded in 50 sites on the upper salt marsh of the Guadalquivir delta (SW Spain). Through Canonical Correspondence Analysis relationships were shown between plant‐species characteristics abundance and environmental variables. Seven community types were distinguished and related to hydro logical regime and physical and chemical soil parameters.The higher species richness was associated with moderate values of above‐ground biomass (Biomass at maximum diversity, BMD = 302 g/m2). Salinity was negatively correlated with species richness. There was no significant correlation with total above‐ground biomass. Water regime and soil nutrient (Ca, Mg) content were significant predictors of the community above‐ground biomass.