Purpose of review: Th e primary purpose of this review is to document the array of controlled atmosphere (CA)-related disorders that h ave been reported in literature for all fruits and vegetables. T he possible biochemical and biophysical bases for these disorders will a lso be discussed for specific disorders. Fin dings: CA-related disorders can be grouped into three categories: 1) Disorders that occur in air storage that are alleviated by CA; 2) D isorders that occur in air storage that are aggravated by CA; and 3) Disorders that are not known to occur or rarely occur in air st orage and are induced by CA. Methods for avoiding disorders that are aggravated or induced by CA are discussed in the final section of th e r eview. The number of CA-related disorders continues to increase as more fruits and vegetables are subjected to CA storage experi me ntally or commercially. Within many species, the occurrence of C A-related disorders can be influenced by the cultivar and how, wh en and where it is produced. In addition, there is evidence that the presence or absence of a particular disorder can depend on apparent ly subtle changes in other factors, such as the time between harvest and CA, storage temperature, O2 and CO2 concentrations, CA dur ation and the time following removal from CA. Limi tations/implications: Predicting the occurrence of CA-related disorders rem ains a challenge as does non-destructive detection of CA-r elated internal disorders. In addition, some of the disorder descriptions are only explained with text (no photographs), which can l ead to duplicate names for the same disorder. Thus, some disorders with different names may be variations of the same disorder. D irections for future research: In r ecent years, intense research on several specific CA-related disorders has resulted in a number of m odels being proposed to explain how these disorders are affected by CA. To date, there is no consensus on any particular model and fu ture research should focus on validation or improvement of these models. Ke ywords: Oxygen; carbon dioxide; controlled atmosphere; disorders