The aim of the study was to estimate the technical potential of cereal straw. Based on CSO data from the National Agricultural Census of 2010 was characterised regional difference in the share of cereals in sowing area. Estimation of the theoretical and technically potential of straw allows one to obtain information about the opportunities to meet the energy needs for the local district (region). The technical potential of straw was calculated taking into account the reuse of straw in agriculture (litter, feed, straw incorporation). The total straw surplus, which can be used for energy purposes amounted to more than 12.5 million tons. The technical potential is highly diversified in individual local districts and ranges from 0 to about 20 thousand tons. Significant quantities of straw for energy purposes can be designed in the local districts with the dominance of large farms.