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Mountain Research and Development
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https://dx.doi.org/10.60692/k7...
Other literature type . 2009
Data sources: Datacite
https://dx.doi.org/10.60692/gj...
Other literature type . 2009
Data sources: Datacite
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Transhumance in the Tigray Highlands (Ethiopia)

الرعي في مرتفعات تيغراي (إثيوبيا)
Authors: Jan Nyssen; Katrien Descheemaeker; Amanuel Zenebe; Jean Poesen; Jozef Deckers; Mitiku Haile;

Transhumance in the Tigray Highlands (Ethiopia)

Abstract

La transhumance, mouvement saisonnier des troupeaux se produisant entre deux points et suivant des itinéraires précis répétés chaque année, est pratiquée à grande échelle dans les zones de plein champ du Tigré (nord de l'Éthiopie). Cet article présente une caractérisation de la pratique, les facteurs qui expliquent son ampleur et les changements récents. Onze villages ont été sélectionnés au hasard, des entretiens semi-structurés ont été menés et des données sur les sites ont été collectées à la fois sur le terrain et auprès de sources secondaires. Les zones de destination de la transhumance sont caractérisées comme mieux dotées en ressources en eau et en fourrage, essentiellement en raison de leur grande étendue. Les villages de l'échantillon peuvent être classés en trois groupes : la transhumance annuelle (distance moyenne parcourue en sens unique de 8,1 km), l'élevage dans le domaine vital (distance moyenne parcourue de 2,2 km) et l'élevage près des fermes. Les mouvements sont essentiellement induits par le fait qu'il y a peu ou pas d'espace pour le bétail près des villages pendant la période de culture, et non par les conditions de température ou de précipitations significativement différentes dans les pâturages. Les adultes n'élèveront les troupeaux que lorsque la distance pour la transhumance est grande ou considérée comme dangereuse ; sinon, les jeunes garçons s'occupent du bétail pendant toute la saison des pluies d'été. Face aux changements sociaux (scolarisation) et technologiques (construction de réservoirs et mise en place d'exclos), la transhumance au Tigré s'est adaptée de manière très adaptative, avec de nouveaux itinéraires en cours de développement et d'autres abandonnés. La transhumance n'entraîne pas de conflits majeurs dans la zone d'étude, même lorsque le bétail est amené dans des zones appartenant à d'autres groupes ethniques (Afar, Amhara).

La trashumancia, el movimiento estacional de rebaños que se produce entre dos puntos y siguiendo rutas precisas que se repiten cada año, se practica a gran escala en las zonas de campo abierto de Tigray (norte de Etiopía). Este artículo presenta una caracterización de la práctica, factores que explican su magnitud y cambios recientes. Se seleccionaron once aldeas al azar, se realizaron entrevistas semiestructuradas y se recopilaron datos sobre los sitios tanto en el campo como de fuentes secundarias. Las zonas de destino de la trashumancia se caracterizan por estar mejor dotadas de recursos hídricos y forrajeros, fundamentalmente por su gran extensión. Las aldeas de muestra se pueden clasificar en tres grupos: trashumancia anual (distancia media de viaje de ida 8,1 km), pastoreo doméstico (distancia media de viaje 2,2 km) y cría de ganado cerca de granjas. Los movimientos son inducidos básicamente por el hecho de que hay poco o ningún espacio para el ganado cerca de las aldeas durante el período de cultivo, no por las condiciones de temperatura o lluvia significativamente diferentes en las tierras de pastoreo. Los adultos solo pastorean los rebaños cuando la distancia para la trashumancia es grande o se considera insegura; de lo contrario, los niños pequeños cuidan el ganado durante toda la temporada de lluvias de verano. Ante los cambios sociales (escolarización) y tecnológicos (construcción de embalses y establecimiento de cierres), la trashumancia en Tigray se ha ajustado de manera altamente adaptativa, con el desarrollo de nuevas rutas y el abandono de otras. La trashumancia no conduce a conflictos importantes en el área de estudio, incluso cuando el ganado se lleva a áreas que pertenecen a otros grupos étnicos (Afar, Amhara).

Transhumance, the seasonal movement of herds occurring between two points and following precise routes repeated each year, is practiced on a broad scale in the open field areas of Tigray (North Ethiopia). This article presents a characterization of the practice, factors that explain its magnitude, and recent changes. Eleven villages were selected randomly, semistructured interviews were conducted, and data on the sites were collected both in the field and from secondary sources. The transhumance destination zones are characterized as better endowed with water and fodder resources, essentially due to their great extent. The sample villages can be classified into three groups: annual transhumance (average one-way traveling distance 8.1 km), home range herding (average traveling distance 2.2 km), and keeping livestock near homesteads. Movements are basically induced by the fact that there is little to no space for livestock near the villages during the crop-growing period—not by the significantly different temperature or rainfall conditions in the grazing lands. Adults will only herd the flocks when the distance for transhumance is great or considered unsafe; otherwise, young boys tend the livestock for the entire summer rainy season. Faced with social (schooling) and technological (reservoir construction and establishment of exclosures) changes, transhumance in Tigray has adjusted in a highly adaptive way, with new routes being developed and others abandoned. Transhumance does not lead to major conflicts in the study area even when livestock are brought to areas that belong to other ethnic groups (Afar, Amhara).

تمارس حركة الرعي، وهي الحركة الموسمية للقطعان التي تحدث بين نقطتين وتتبع طرقًا دقيقة تتكرر كل عام، على نطاق واسع في مناطق الحقول المفتوحة في تيغراي (شمال إثيوبيا). تقدم هذه المقالة توصيفًا للممارسة، والعوامل التي تفسر حجمها، والتغييرات الأخيرة. تم اختيار إحدى عشرة قرية بشكل عشوائي، وأجريت مقابلات شبه منظمة، وتم جمع البيانات عن المواقع في الميدان ومن مصادر ثانوية. تتميز مناطق وجهة الرعي بأنها تتمتع بموارد مائية وعلفية أفضل، ويرجع ذلك أساسًا إلى حدها الكبير. يمكن تصنيف قرى العينة إلى ثلاث مجموعات: النقل السنوي (متوسط مسافة السفر في اتجاه واحد 8.1 كم)، ورعي المواشي المنزلية (متوسط مسافة السفر 2.2 كم)، والحفاظ على الماشية بالقرب من المنازل. تنجم الحركات بشكل أساسي عن حقيقة أنه لا توجد مساحة كبيرة أو معدومة للماشية بالقرب من القرى خلال فترة زراعة المحاصيل - وليس بسبب الاختلاف الكبير في درجات الحرارة أو ظروف هطول الأمطار في أراضي الرعي. لن يرعى البالغون القطعان إلا عندما تكون مسافة نقل الرعي كبيرة أو تعتبر غير آمنة ؛ وإلا فإن الأولاد الصغار يرعون الماشية طوال موسم الأمطار الصيفي بأكمله. في مواجهة التغيرات الاجتماعية (التعليم المدرسي) والتكنولوجية (بناء الخزانات وإنشاء عمليات الإغلاق)، تم تعديل النقل في تيغراي بطريقة تكيفية للغاية، مع تطوير طرق جديدة والتخلي عن طرق أخرى. لا يؤدي نقل الرعي إلى صراعات كبيرة في منطقة الدراسة حتى عندما يتم جلب الماشية إلى مناطق تنتمي إلى مجموعات عرقية أخرى (عفار، أمهرة).

Countries
France, Belgium
Keywords

Compositional and Nutritional Aspects of Camel Milk, WATER CONSERVATION, highlands, Fodder, grazing grounds, NAMAQUALAND, Agricultural and Biological Sciences, Sociology, Rangeland Degradation and Pastoral Livelihoods, transhumance, Evolution and Sustainability of Livestock Farming Systems, Home range herding, oxen, Geography, Ecology, Life Sciences, Forestry, FOS: Sociology, VARIABILITY, Grazing, Physical Sciences, Pastoralism, Cartography, Livestock, Management, Monitoring, Policy and Law, rangeland, Environmental science, REGION, NORTHERN ETHIOPIA, grazing, grazing rights, Agroforestry, Biology, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, LAND-USE, Herding, Herd, pastures, rangelands, livestock, SOIL, Flock, Socioeconomics, grazing lands, Earth and Environmental Sciences, FOS: Biological sciences, Environmental Science, Ethiopia, Wet season, Agroecology, Food Science

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selected citations
These citations are derived from selected sources.
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
29
Top 10%
Top 10%
Average
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gold