Psychophysiology — the science studying interrelation of mentality of the person and physiological processes. Fundamental knowledge of work of a brain, first of all, of nervous regulation of functions of an organism, the general and specific features of the highest falls within the scope of its interests nervous activity, the defining character and behavior of the person, psychophysiological mechanisms of regulation of functional states. In the book neurophysiological bases of coding and information processing in nervous system, neural mechanisms of feelings, perceptions, memories, training, motivations and emotions, thinking and the speech, attention, consciousness, behavior, mental activity are stated. Separate the section is devoted to physiological bases of mental changes at various functional, extreme and pathophysiological states (a stress, post-stressful frustration, addiktivny states, depressions, etc.) and to ways of their correction. Authors tried to pay special attention to disclosure of specifics of psychophysiology of the person, to difference of physiological mechanisms of regulation of mental functions of the person in comparison with model researches on animals. For simplification of work on discipline and the best digestion of material the textbook is supplied with the glossary. For students, undergraduates, graduate students and teachers of psychological and medical faculties of higher education institutions.