
arXiv: 1711.01650
We consider the stochastic convection-diffusion equation \[ \partial_t u(t\,,{\bf x}) =νΔu(t\,,{\bf x}) + V(t\,,x_1)\partial_{x_2}u(t\,,{\bf x}), \] for $t>0$ and ${\bf x}=(x_1\,,x_2)\in\mathbb{R}^2$, subject to $θ_0$ being a nice initial profile. Here, the velocity field $V$ is assumed to be centered Gaussian with covariance structure \[ \text{Cov}[V(t\,,a)\,,V(s\,,b)]= δ_0(t-s)ρ(a-b)\qquad\text{for all $s,t\ge0$ and $a,b\in\mathbb{R}$}, \] where $ρ$ is a continuous and bounded positive-definite function on $\mathbb{R}$. We prove a quite general existence/uniqueness/regularity theorem, together with a probabilistic representation of the solution that represents $u$ as an expectation functional of an exogenous infinite-dimensional Brownian motion. We use that probabilistic representation in order to study the Itô/Walsh solution, when it exists, and relate it to the Stratonovich solution which is shown to exist for all $ν>0$. Our a priori estimates imply the physically-natural fact that, quite generally, the solution dissipates. In fact, very often, \begin{equation} P\left\{\sup_{|x_1|\leq m}\sup_{x_2\in\mathbb{R}} |u(t\,,{\bf x})| = O\left(\frac{1}{\sqrt t}\right)\qquad\text{as $t\to\infty$} \right\}=1\qquad\text{for all $m>0$}, \end{equation} and the $O(1/\sqrt t)$ rate is shown to be unimproveable. Our probabilistic representation is malleable enough to allow us to analyze the solution in two physically-relevant regimes: As $t\to\infty$ and as $ν\to 0$. Among other things, our analysis leads to a "macroscopic multifractal analysis" of the rate of decay in the above equation in terms of the reciprocal of the Prandtl (or Schmidt) number, valid in a number of simple though still physically-relevant cases.
28A80, stochastic partial differential equations, Probability (math.PR), macroscopic multifractals, 60K37, Fractals, Stochastic partial differential equations (aspects of stochastic analysis), passive scalar transport, 60H15, 35R60, FOS: Mathematics, Processes in random environments, PDEs with randomness, stochastic partial differential equations, Kraichnan model, Mathematics - Probability
28A80, stochastic partial differential equations, Probability (math.PR), macroscopic multifractals, 60K37, Fractals, Stochastic partial differential equations (aspects of stochastic analysis), passive scalar transport, 60H15, 35R60, FOS: Mathematics, Processes in random environments, PDEs with randomness, stochastic partial differential equations, Kraichnan model, Mathematics - Probability
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