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Ehrlichia ruminantium infects Rhipicephalus microplus in West Africa

Ehrlichia ruminantium يصيب Rhipicephalus microplus في غرب أفريقيا
Authors: Abel S. Biguezoton; Valérie Noël; Safiou Bienvenu Adehan; Hassane Adakal; Guiguigbaza‐Kossigan Dayo; Sébastien Zoungrana; Souaïbou Farougou; +1 Authors

Ehrlichia ruminantium infects Rhipicephalus microplus in West Africa

Abstract

L'invasion de l'Afrique de l'Ouest par Rhipicephalus microplus au cours de la dernière décennie a changé la situation écologique de l'agent de l'eau du cœur Ehrlichia ruminantium dans cette région. Auparavant, son vecteur local, Amblyomma variegatum, était l'espèce de tique la plus abondante trouvée sur le bétail. Aujourd'hui, l'abondance du R. microplus est d'une magnitude supérieure à celle de l'A. variegatum dans de nombreuses localités d'Afrique de l'Ouest. Nous avons étudié le potentiel de cette nouvelle situation écologique pour impacter la circulation d'E. ruminantium en Afrique de l'Ouest. Les infections à E. ruminantium ont été évaluées avec le diagnostic PCR spécifique ciblant la région PCS20. Ce dépistage a été appliqué sur des échantillons de terrain de 24 adultes de R. microplus, sur quatre femelles d'une souche de laboratoire qui avait été nourrie par le sang depuis les larves sur un bouvillon infecté par E. ruminantium ainsi que sur la progéniture de ces femelles au stade des œufs et des larves. La PCR a détecté E. ruminantium dans 29 % des échantillons de R. microplus recueillis sur le terrain, soit deux fois plus que ce qui a été rapporté pour A. variegatum avec le même protocole. En ce qui concerne la souche de laboratoire, le diagnostic PCR effectué a montré que toutes les femelles étaient infectées et ont transmis la rickettsie à leur progéniture. Le séquençage du produit de PCR a confirmé que la rickettsie héréditaire maternelle était E. ruminantium. Selon les présentes conclusions, la dynamique invasive de R. microplus en Afrique de l'Ouest a actuellement un impact sur les conditions évolutives locales de E. ruminantium car elle offre de nouvelles voies de transmission telles que la transmission maternelle chez R. microplus.

La invasión de África Occidental por Rhipicephalus microplus durante la última década ha cambiado la situación ecológica del agente del agua del corazón Ehrlichia ruminantium en esta zona. Antes, su vector local, Amblyomma variegatum, era la especie de garrapata más abundante en el ganado. Hoy en día, la abundancia de R. microplus es una magnitud mayor que la de A. variegatum en muchas localidades de África occidental. Investigamos el potencial de esta nueva situación ecológica para afectar la circulación de E. ruminantium en África Occidental. Las infecciones por E. ruminantium se evaluaron con el diagnóstico de PCR específico dirigido a la región PCS20. Este cribado se aplicó en muestras de campo de 24 adultos de R. microplus, en cuatro hembras de una cepa de laboratorio que había sido alimentada con sangre desde larvas en un buey infectado con E. ruminantium, así como en la descendencia de estas hembras en etapas de huevo y larva. La PCR detectó E. ruminantium en el 29% de la R. microplus recolectada en el campo, es decir, el doble de lo informado para A. variegatum con el mismo protocolo. Con respecto a la cepa de laboratorio, el diagnóstico de PCR realizado mostró que todas las hembras estaban infectadas y pasaron la rickettsia a su progenie. La secuenciación del producto de PCR confirmó que la rickettsia heredada por la madre era E. ruminantium. Según los presentes hallazgos, la dinámica invasiva de R. microplus en África occidental está afectando actualmente las condiciones evolutivas locales de E. ruminantium, ya que ofrece nuevas vías de transmisión, como la transmisión materna en R. microplus.

The invasion of West Africa by Rhipicephalus microplus during the past decade has changed the ecological situation of the agent of heartwater Ehrlichia ruminantium in this area. Before, its local vector, Amblyomma variegatum, was the most abundant tick species found on livestock. Today, the abundance of the R. microplus is one magnitude higher than that of A. variegatum in many west-African localities. We investigated the potential of this new ecological situation to impact the circulation of E. ruminantium in West Africa.Ehrlichia ruminantium infections were assessed with the specific PCR-diagnosis targeting the PCS20 region. This screening was applied on field samples of 24 R. microplus adults, on four females from a laboratory strain that had been blood-fed since larvae on one E. ruminantium-infected steer as well as on the offspring of these females at egg and larval stages.The PCR detected E. ruminantium in 29 % of the field-collected R. microplus, i.e. twice as much as reported for A. variegatum with the same protocol. Regarding the laboratory strain, the PCR-diagnosis performed showed that all females were infected and passed the rickettsia to their progeny. Sequencing of the PCR product confirmed that the maternally inherited rickettsia was E. ruminantium.According to the present findings, the invasive dynamic of R. microplus in West Africa is currently impacting the local evolutionary conditions of E. ruminantium since it offers new transmission roads such as maternal transmission in R. microplus.

أدى غزو ريبيسيفالوس ميكروبلس لغرب إفريقيا خلال العقد الماضي إلى تغيير الوضع البيئي لعامل المياه المجترة إيرليخيا في هذه المنطقة. في السابق، كان ناقلها المحلي، Amblyomma variegatum، أكثر أنواع القراد وفرة الموجودة على الماشية. اليوم، وفرة R. microplus أعلى بمقدار واحد من A. variegatum في العديد من مناطق غرب إفريقيا. لقد حققنا في إمكانات هذا الوضع البيئي الجديد للتأثير على دوران E. ruminantium في غرب إفريقيا. تم تقييم عدوى erlichia ruminantium مع تشخيص PCR المحدد الذي يستهدف منطقة PCS20. تم تطبيق هذا الفحص على عينات ميدانية من 24 بالغًا من النوع R. microplus، على أربع إناث من سلالة مختبرية تم تغذيتها بالدم منذ اليرقات على توجيه واحد مصاب بـ E. Ruminantium وكذلك على نسل هذه الإناث في مرحلتي البيض واليرقات. اكتشف تفاعل البوليميراز المتسلسل E. ruminantium في 29 ٪ من R. microplus الذي تم جمعه ميدانيًا، أي ضعف ما تم الإبلاغ عنه لـ A. variegatum بنفس البروتوكول. فيما يتعلق بالإجهاد المخبري، أظهر تشخيص تفاعل البوليميراز المتسلسل الذي تم إجراؤه أن جميع الإناث مصابات ونقلن الريكتسيا إلى ذريتهن. أكد تسلسل منتج تفاعل البوليميراز المتسلسل أن الريكتسيا الموروثة من الأم كانت E. ruminantium. وفقًا للنتائج الحالية، تؤثر الديناميكية الغازية لـ R. microplus في غرب إفريقيا حاليًا على الظروف التطورية المحلية لـ E. ruminantium لأنها توفر طرق انتقال جديدة مثل انتقال الأم في R. microplus.

Keywords

Livestock, Ixodidae, Epidemiology, Epidemiology and Treatment of Chagas Disease, Veterinary medicine, Short Report, Ehrlichia, Rickettsiales, Polymerase Chain Reaction, Gene, Agricultural and Biological Sciences, Virology, Health Sciences, Rhipicephalus, Genetics, Animals, Ehrlichia ruminantium, Rickettsia, Biology, Immunology and Microbiology, Ecology, Amblyomma variegatum, Life Sciences, [SDV.EE.IEO] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment/Symbiosis, Infectious Disease Transmission, Vertical, Virus, Africa, Western, Infectious Diseases, Rhipicephalus microplus, Tick-Borne Diseases and Pathogens Transmission, Insect Science, FOS: Biological sciences, Medicine, Arachnid Vectors, Female, Parasitology, Insect Symbiosis and Microbial Interactions, Tick Vectors, Zoology, Tick

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selected citations
These citations are derived from selected sources.
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
30
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Top 10%
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