The field of art is all inclusive, and each art has its own independent theoretical basis and system. This paper mainly studies the practical significance of music aesthetics based on the theory of multiple intelligences. This paper randomly selected two classes of students as the research object, and the ratio of male and female students in the two classes was similar, and the teachers were the same. In the process of the experiment, based on the theory of multiple intelligences, music teaching guidance was given to the students in the experimental class, and the conventional teaching methods were used in the control class. After that, they were trained for 15 weeks. Using SPSS17.0 software to analyze the students' scores, and compare the changes of students' scores before and after the test, and get the experimental results. The average score of the pre-test results of the experimental class was 18.4082, and that of the control class was 18.3725. The sig value of the independent sample t-test was 0.955 > 0.05. The results show that the theory of multiple intelligences has a significant role in promoting music art.