Athletic excelling capability in a specific sport results from the combined influence of hundreds of genetic polymorphisms. The aim of the current study was to characterize athletes' polygenetic scores. We developed two polygenetic scores: (a) Power Genetic Distance Score based on two polymorphisms (PGDS2; ACEI/D, ACTN3C/T) or five polymorphisms (PGDS5; ACTN3C/T, ACEI/D, IL6‐174G/C, NOS3T/C, AGTMET235THR); and (b) Endurance Genetic Distance Score based on two polymorphisms (EGDS2; ACEI/D, ACTN3C/T) or five polymorphisms (EGDS5; PPARGC1AGly482Ser, PPARAintron7G/C, PPARDT294C, NRF2A/C, HIFC/T). Eighty‐two power‐speed athletes, 87 endurance athletes, and 119 nonathletic controls participated in the study. Genomic DNA was extracted from peripheral blood. Power‐speed athletes' mean PGDS2 (46.1) and PGDS5 (29.4) were significantly higher compared with their mean EGDS2 (36.4) and EGDS5 (23.1; P < 0.05, P < 0.01, respectively); and compared with controls' mean PGDS2 (36.6) and PGDS5 (24.2; P < 0.05, P < 0.05, respectively). Endurance athletes' mean EGDS2 (60.3) and EGDS5 (35.3) were significantly higher compared with their mean PGDS2 (26.9) and PGDS5 (21.8; P < 0.001, P < 0.001, respectively); and compared with controls' mean EGDS2 (51.2) and EGDS5 (26.1; P < 0.05, P < 0.001, respectively). We conclude that polygenetic scores can differentiate power‐speed from endurance athletes. Whether these scores may be used to identify elite power‐speed or endurance athletes' needs to be addressed in future studies.