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Total Cost of Ownership of Digital vs. Analog Radio-Over-Fiber Architectures for 5G Fronthauling

التكلفة الإجمالية لملكية البنى الرقمية مقابل البنى التناظرية الراديوية عبر الألياف لشبكات الجيل الخامس
Authors: Aleksejs Udalcovs; Marco Levantesi; Patryk J. Urban; Darli A. A. Mello; Roberto Gaudino; Oskars Ozolins; Paolo Monti 0001;

Total Cost of Ownership of Digital vs. Analog Radio-Over-Fiber Architectures for 5G Fronthauling

Abstract

L'article analyse le coût total de possession (TCO) des solutions de fronthauling 5G basées sur des architectures analogiques et numériques de radio sur fibre (RoF) dans les réseaux d'accès radio (C-RAN) en nuage. Les dépenses d'investissement et d'exploitation (CAPEX, OPEX) sont évaluées, pour une période de 10 ans, en tenant compte de trois techniques RoF différentes : RoF analogique à fréquence intermédiaire (IF-A-RoF), RoF analogique assisté par traitement de signal numérique (DSP) (DSP-A-RoF) et RoF numérique (D-RoF) sur la base des spécifications de l'interface radio publique commune (CPRI). Le scénario de déploiement en champ vert à l'étude comprend à la fois le tranchée de fibre (FT) et les options de leasing de fibre (FL). Le TCO est évalué en faisant varier (i) le nombre de sous-porteuses agrégées, (ii) le nombre d'antennes à trois secteurs situées à la station de base et (iii) la longueur moyenne du saut de fibre. La comparaison met en évidence l'importance de l'agrégation de sous-porteuses sur le rapport coût-efficacité des solutions RoF analogiques. En outre, l'analyse détaille la contribution de chaque catégorie de coûts aux valeurs globales de CAPEX et d'OPEX. Les résultats obtenus indiquent que l'agrégation de sous-porteuses via DSP entraîne un rapport coût-efficacité élevé pour un réseau mobile de fronthaul, tandis qu'une architecture basée sur CPRI ensemble avec FL apporte la valeur OPEX la plus élevée.

El artículo analiza el costo total de propiedad (TCO) de las soluciones de fronthauling 5G basadas en arquitecturas analógicas y digitales de radio sobre fibra (RoF) en redes de acceso de radio en la nube (C-RAN). Los gastos de capital y operativos (CAPEX, OPEX) se evalúan, durante un período de 10 años, considerando tres técnicas diferentes de RoF: RoF analógico de frecuencia intermedia (IF-A-RoF), RoF analógico asistido por procesamiento de señal digital (DSP) (DSP-A-RoF) y RoF digital (D-RoF) basado en las especificaciones comunes de la interfaz de radio pública (CPRI). El escenario de implementación de campo verde bajo examen incluye tanto la zanja de fibra (FT) y opciones de arrendamiento de fibra (FL). El TCO se evalúa variando (i) el número de subportadoras agregadas, (ii) el número de antenas de tres sectores ubicadas en la estación base y (iii) la longitud media del salto de fibra. La comparación destaca la importancia que la agregación de subportadoras tiene en la eficiencia de costos de las soluciones RoF analógicas. Además, el análisis detalla la contribución de cada categoría de costos a los valores generales de CAPEX y OPEX. Los resultados obtenidos indican que la agregación de subportadoras a través de DSP da como resultado una alta eficiencia de costos para una red fronthaul móvil, mientras que una arquitectura basada en CPRI en conjunto con FL trae el valor más alto de OPEX.

The article analyzes the total cost of ownership (TCO) of 5G fronthauling solutions based on analog and digital radio-over-fiber (RoF) architectures in cloud radio access networks (C-RANs).The capital and operational expenditures (CAPEX, OPEX) are assessed, for a 10-year period, considering three different RoF techniques: intermediate frequency analog RoF (IF-A-RoF), digital signal processing (DSP) assisted analog RoF (DSP-A-RoF), and digital RoF (D-RoF) based on the common public radio interface (CPRI) specifications.The greenfield deployment scenario under exam includes both fiber trenching (FT) and fiber leasing (FL) options.The TCO is assessed while varying (i) the number of aggregated subcarriers, (ii) the number of three-sector antennas located at the base station, and (iii) the mean fiber-hop length.The comparison highlights the significance that subcarrier aggregation has on the cost efficiency of the analog RoF solutions.In addition, the analysis details the contribution of each cost category to the overall CAPEX and OPEX values.The obtained results indicate that subcarrier aggregation via DSP results in high cost efficiency for a mobile fronthaul network, while a CPRI-based architecture together with FL brings the highest OPEX value.

تحلل المقالة التكلفة الإجمالية لملكية (TCO) لحلول 5G الأمامية استنادًا إلى البنى التناظرية والرقمية للراديو عبر الألياف (ROF) في شبكات الوصول اللاسلكي السحابية (C - RANs). يتم تقييم النفقات الرأسمالية والتشغيلية (CAPEX، OPEX)، لمدة 10 سنوات، مع الأخذ في الاعتبار ثلاث تقنيات مختلفة للسطح: السطح التناظري للتردد المتوسط (IF - A - RoF)، والسطح التناظري لمعالجة الإشارات الرقمية (DSP) بمساعدة السطح التناظري (DSP - A - RoF)، والسطح الرقمي (D - RoF) بناءً على مواصفات واجهة الراديو العامة المشتركة (CPRI). يتضمن سيناريو نشر الحقول الخضراء قيد الفحص كلاً من خنادق الألياف (FT) وخيارات تأجير الألياف (FL). يتم تقييم التكلفة الإجمالية للملكية مع تغيير (1) عدد الناقلات الفرعية المجمعة، (2) عدد الهوائيات ثلاثية القطاعات الموجودة في المحطة الأساسية، و (3) متوسط طول الألياف. تسلط المقارنة الضوء على أهمية تجميع الناقلات الفرعية على كفاءة تكلفة حلول RoF التناظرية. بالإضافة إلى ذلك، يوضح التحليل بالتفصيل مساهمة كل فئة تكلفة في قيم النفقات الرأسمالية والنفقات التشغيلية الإجمالية. تشير النتائج التي تم الحصول عليها إلى أن تجميع الناقلات الفرعية عبر DSP يؤدي إلى كفاءة عالية من حيث التكلفة لشبكة أمامية متنقلة، في حين أن البنية القائمة على CPRI معًا مع FL يجلب أعلى قيمة للنفقات التشغيلية.

Country
Italy
Keywords

5G; cloud radio access networks (C-RAN); common public radio interface (CPRI); operational expenditure (CAPEX); operational expenditure (OPEX); optical fronthaul; radio-over-fiber; total cost of ownership (TCO), Power Line Communications in Smart Grid, Optical fiber, operational expenditure (CAPEX), common public radio interface (CPRI), Engineering, Optical Communication Networks and Energy Efficiency, Operating expense, Accounting, Radio frequency, FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering, Radio over fiber, Business, Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Electronic engineering, Radio Over Fiber, Subcarrier multiplexing, Orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing, Digital signal processing, Computer science, Capital expenditure, radio-over-fiber, TK1-9971, Subcarrier, Microwave Photonics and Optical Access Networks, Channel (broadcasting), Electrical engineering, Physical Sciences, Telecommunications, cloud radio access networks (C-RAN), Electrical engineering. Electronics. Nuclear engineering, 5G, optical fronthaul, Finance

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selected citations
These citations are derived from selected sources.
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
29
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