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https://doi.org/10.1101/095976...
Article . 2016 . Peer-reviewed
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Integrative Biology
Article . 2017 . Peer-reviewed
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Cellular Orientation Is Guided by Strain Gradients

Authors: Sophie Chagnon-Lessard; Hubert Jean-Ruel; Michel Godin; Andrew E. Pelling;

Cellular Orientation Is Guided by Strain Gradients

Abstract

The strain-induced reorientation response of cyclically stretched cells has been well characterized in uniform strain fields. In the present study, we comprehensively analyse the behaviour of human fibroblasts subjected to a highly non-uniform strain field within a polymethylsiloxane microdevice. Our results indicate that the strain gradient amplitude and direction regulate cell reorientation through a coordinated gradient avoidance response. We provide critical evidence that strain gradient is a key physical cue that can guide cell organization. Specifically, our work suggests that cells are able to pinpoint the location under the cell of multiple physical cues and integrate this information (strain and strain gradient amplitudes and directions), resulting in a coordinated response. To gain insight into the underlying mechanosensing processes, we studied focal adhesion reorganization and the effect of modulating myosin-II contractility. The extracted focal adhesion orientation distributions are similar to those obtained for the cell bodies, and their density is increased by the presence of stretching forces. Moreover, it was found that the myosin-II activity promoter calyculin-A has little effect on the cellular response, while the inhibitor blebbistatin suppresses cell and focal adhesion alignment and reduces focal adhesion density. These results confirm that similar internal structures involved in sensing and responding to strain direction and amplitude are also key players in strain gradient mechanosensing and avoidance.

Keywords

Myosin Type II, Focal Adhesions, Cell Polarity, Bioengineering, Equipment Design, Fibroblasts, Heterocyclic Compounds, 4 or More Rings, Mechanotransduction, Cellular, Biomechanical Phenomena, Cellular Microenvironment, Anisotropy, Humans, Marine Toxins, Stress, Mechanical, Oxazoles

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    This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
    23
    popularity
    This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
    Top 10%
    influence
    This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
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    impulse
    This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
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selected citations
These citations are derived from selected sources.
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
23
Top 10%
Average
Top 10%
Green
hybrid