Abstract Exoplanetary systems show a wide variety of architectures, which can be explained by different formation and dynamical evolution processes. Precise orbital monitoring is mandatory to accurately constrain their orbital and dynamical parameters. Although major observational and theoretical advances have been made in understanding the architecture and dynamical properties of exoplanetary systems, many outstanding questions remain. This paper aims to give a brief review of a few current challenges in orbital and dynamical studies of exoplanetary systems and a few future prospects for improving our knowledge. Joint data analyses from several techniques are providing precise measurements of orbits and masses for a growing sample of exoplanetary systems, both with close-in orbits and with wide orbits, as well as different evolutionary stages. The sample of young planets detected around stars with circumstellar disks is also growing, allowing for simultaneous studies of planets and their birthplace environments. These analyses will expand with ongoing and future facilities from both ground and space, allowing for detailed tests of formation, evolution, and atmospheric models of exoplanets. Moreover, these detailed analyses may offer the possibility of finding missing components of exoplanetary systems, such as exomoons, or even finding new exotic configurations such as co-orbital planets. In addition to unveiling the architecture of planetary systems, precise measurements of orbital parameters and stellar properties—in combination with more realistic models for tidal interactions and the integration of such models in N-body codes—will improve the inference of the past history of mature exoplanetary systems in close-in orbits. These improvements will allow a better understanding of planetary formation and evolution, placing the solar system in context.