Abstract During a survey of Mediterranean enchytraeids, soil samples were taken at 21 localities in western Anatolia (Turkey) in May 1990. Twenty‐seven species were identified from eight genera. All species but Enchytraeus buchholzi are new for Turkey; three species are new to science: Henlea montana sp.n., Fridericia brachiata sp.n., Fridericia isseli sp.n. The bulk of the collection (60% of the species) was obtained from the northern massif of Ulu Dag, while at most other localities the fauna was much poorer. Moreover, there seem to be significant differences in species composition between the northern and southern zones: strictly Mediterranean species appear to be restricted to the south.